Symptoms of Genital Warts: Causes and Risk Factors

Genital warts can affect anyone who is sexually active. While they’re common, the symptoms can be mild and even go unnoticed, so many people don’t even realise that these warts exist. 

Although genital warts can go away on their own, they can cause discomfort and affect your sexual wellbeing if left untreated. Understanding what causes genital warts – including their symptoms and risk factors – is an important step towards getting the care you need to protect your sexual health. 

Symptoms of genital warts

Genital warts are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs),caused by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), but most often types 6 and 11. 

They are small growths or bumps that appear on the genital or anal area. Symptoms vary from person to person. Some people don’t even have any at all, while others develop visible warts. This is the main concern because without noticing them, the infection can spread easily and lead to complications. Knowing the symptoms helps you spot the signs early and get the right care.

These warts appear on both men and women with similar symptoms. The main difference lies in where they show up.

Female genital warts

In women, genital warts may appear on or around these areas:

• Vulva (outer part of the female genitals)

• Vagina (internally, which may be missed without an exam)

• Cervix

• Perineum (area between vagina and anus)

• Anal area

• Thighs

Symptoms may include:

• Flesh-colored, white, pink, or gray bumps or growths

• A cluster of warts that looks like a cauliflower

• Itching, burning, or discomfort

• Occasional bleeding after sex (if warts are on the cervix or inside the vagina)

Male genital warts

For men, these warts may appear on:

• Penis shaft or glans (head)

• Scrotum

• Groin

• Inner thighs

• Around the anus

• Inside the urethra (less common but possible)

The most common symptoms are:

• One or more raised, flat, or cauliflower-like warts

• Itching or irritation

• Rarely, pain if warts are irritated

Once you notice any unusual bumps or changes in your genital area, along with an uncomfortable feeling, don’t hesitate to visit the sexual health clinics to get tested. 

It’s normal to feel nervous and a bit awkward, but there’s nothing to worry about. Your doctor will understand and guide you through the diagnosis process.

Causes of genital warts

Genital warts are caused by infections with low-risk types of HPV, which include two main types:

• HPV-6

• HPV-11

The good news is that these types don't cause cervical cancer. However, you still need to be careful because they can lead to recurring outbreaks of warts.

HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity, including:

• Vaginal sex

• Anal sex

• Oral sex

• Genital-to-genital rubbing (even without penetration)

• Sharing sex toys

If you find any signs of genital warts, it’s also a good idea for your partner to get tested. They might have an HPV infection even without visible warts.

Your doctor will work with you to understand the cause of your infection and recommend a treatment that helps you prevent the warts from spreading or recurring. 

Want to stay proactive about your sexual health? Request an appointment with Thomson Medical for STI screenings or consultation to ensure peace of mind and early detection.

Who can get genital warts?

Genital warts are more common than people think. It doesn’t mean you're doing something wrong. Anyone who is sexually active can get genital warts, regardless of gender, sexual orientation, or number of partners. 

Even people who use condoms can still get infected, as condoms don’t fully protect against skin-to-skin contact. Those in monogamous relationships can also be at risk because HPV can remain dormant for years. Even people with no symptoms can still carry and spread the virus without knowing it.

What are some risk factors?

Knowing the risk factors can help you better prevent genital warts and protect your health. While it’s common, you may be more likely to get warts if you:

• Became sexually active at a younger age

• Have multiple sex partners

• Have a weakened immune system (e.g., from HIV or medications)

• Don’t use condoms or dental dams 

• Smoke (which may affect immune response)

• Have a partner who has HPV or genital warts

These warts are generally harmless, but they still need to be treated promptly. Without proper treatment, they can affect your daily life, causing discomfort, itching, and sometimes irritation in the genital area.

How soon do genital warts appear after infection?

Genital warts can appear weeks, months, or even years after exposure. Due to this delay, it’s very difficult to know exactly when or from whom the infection was acquired.

Some people never develop visible warts but can still carry and transmit the virus. That’s why regular check-ups help you stay on top of your overall health, detect the virus early, and prevent it from spreading or getting worse.

If you notice any signs of genital warts or have concerns about your sexual health, request an appointment with Thomson Medical today for further testing and personalised care.

FAQ

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The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice based on your unique circumstances, please consult a specialist at Thomson Medical. Request an appointment with Thomson Medical today.