High-risk Pregnancy: Risk Factors & Complications

It should be done as soon as you are confirmed pregnant. The recommended time is when you are less than 12 weeks pregnant.

High-risk pregnancies are associated with an increased likelihood of complications that require careful monitoring and specialised medical attention. The specific complications can vary based on the underlying risk factors and health conditions. Here are some common complications associated with high-risk pregnancies:

1. Preterm birth: 

   • One of the most significant complications is the risk of preterm birth. Babies born before 37 weeks of gestation may face developmental challenges and health issues.

2. Low birth weight: 

   • Babies born from high-risk pregnancies are more likely to have low birth weight, which can lead to complications such as developmental delays, respiratory problems, and a higher risk of infections.

3. Hypertension and preeclampsia: 

   • Hypertension (high blood pressure) during pregnancy can lead to preeclampsia, a serious condition characterised by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Preeclampsia can result in premature birth and affect the health of both the mother and the baby.

4. Fetal growth restriction:

   • In high-risk pregnancies, inadequate fetal growth may occur, leading to fetal growth restriction. This condition can result in low birth weight and other health problems for the baby.

5. Caesarean Section (C-Section): 

   • High-risk pregnancies may have a higher likelihood of requiring a C-section, either as a planned intervention or due to complications during labor.

6. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission:

   • Babies born from high-risk pregnancies may require admission to the NICU for specialised care and monitoring, especially if born prematurely or with health issues.

7. Chromosomal abnormalities:

   • High-risk pregnancies, especially in older mothers, may be associated with an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.

8. Postpartum complications:

   • The risks associated with high-risk pregnancies can extend into the postpartum period, including an increased likelihood of maternal complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, infections, and challenges in breastfeeding.

9. Maternal health issues: 

   • The mother's health is also at risk in high-risk pregnancies, and complications may include exacerbation of pre-existing conditions, gestational hypertension, and postpartum depression.

Do not stop taking or alter the dose of a prescribed medicine without the knowledge and consent of your doctor. It can be dangerous to make the decision to stop taking a medication without guidance from a doctor as some illnesses or pregnancy complications may risk the health of the mother or baby, or both if untreated. Discuss any concerns you may have about medicines with your doctor. 

1. Preconception planning:

   • Planning pregnancies and optimising health before conception can reduce the risk of complications.

2. Regular prenatal check-ups:

   • Regular and early prenatal care allows for the timely identification and management of potential risk factors.

3. Lifestyle modifications: 

   • Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful substances, can contribute to a lower risk of complications.

4. Management of pre-existing conditions: 

   • Managing chronic conditions before and during pregnancy can minimize associated risks.

5. Early detection and intervention:

   • Early detection of risk factors and prompt medical intervention can prevent or mitigate complications.