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Thomson Specialists

Thomson Medical offers convenient access to comprehensive specialist outpatient and surgical care for women, children, and families through Thomson Specialists. Our team is dedicated to addressing your unique needs and providing tailored treatment options. Take control of your health today by booking an appointment at any of our Thomson Specialists clinics and embark on a journey towards improved well-being.

Bringing Comprehensive Specialist Care Closer To You

Thomson Women's Clinic

At Thomson Women’s Clinics, we are committed to providing modern and comprehensive care for women of all ages. Our experienced team of O&amp;G specialists is dedicated to creating a caring environment where your health and well-being are our top priorities. Our specialists provide specialised services on preventive measures, accurate diagnosis, and personalised treatment plans.Whether you need specialised care for women-related conditions or navigating the journey of childbirth, seeking support for family planning and fertility treatments, or requiring compassionate care through menopause, we are here for you.

Our Expertise

Specialists in Women’s Health

We understand that managing your health appointments around work and family commitments can be challenging. For your convenience, we provides women's health consultations beyond standard hours at multiple locations across Singapore.Extended Hours LocationsWhile all 12 of our women's health clinics operate during standard clinic hours, the following locations offer extended consultation times:Northeast<ul><li>Woodleigh: Thursday, 6pm - 9pm</li><li>Sengkang: Tuesday &amp; Friday, 5:30pm - 7:00pm</li><li>Punggol: Tuesday, Thursday &amp; Friday, 12pm - 8pm</li></ul>East<ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Tampines: Monday, 7pm - 9pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Katong: Wednesday, 10am - 8pm</li></ul>West<ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Jurong: Monday &amp; Thursday, 6pm - 9pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Bukit Batok: Monday, Thursday &amp; Friday, 6pm - 8:30pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Choa Chu Kang: Monday, 6pm - 8pm</li></ul>Thomson Medical is committed to providing accessible healthcare that fits your schedule.

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Thomson Women’s Clinic

Thomson Paediatric Centre

At Thomson Paediatric Centres, our unwavering commitment is to treat your child with the same level of care and dedication as we would our own. We provide children's healthcare services to alleviate every parent's concerns and ensure the well-being of our next generation. Our experienced team of Paediatricians is devoted to cultivating a caring environment where your child's health is our top priority.Besides General Paediatrics services, we also offer specialised services in Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology. Our specialist doctors are experienced in areas such as Nutrition, Respiratory, Growth &amp; Development assessment, and Paediatric Urgent Care for babies to young children and adolescents. Trust us to be your partner in safeguarding your child's health and ensuring a compassionate and comprehensive approach to their medical needs.

Specialists in Children’s Health

Our Paediatricians

Please click on the below links for our Paediatricians' availabilities.
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 <td>Dr Ang Ai Tin</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/XcyrrQBgEW35Rw3f6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 1)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Eugene Han</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/odint8UJmba6RBPbA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 4)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Grace Lim</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/obLpwmEFumMjMzRz8" target="_blank">Thomson Specialists (Woodleigh)</a> </td>
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 <td>Dr Kenneth Chua Yong Yeow</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/Kp3TYWxzLXkfkkPYA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Punggol)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Leo Deng Jin</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/NVzfb9zvkUMvvNxN8" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Bukit Panjang)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Lim Yang Chern</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/7Ex6ra4NmwHQUopS6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Jurong)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Ong Ian</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/78WJoj482r35Af7T9" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Parkway Parade)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Tan Kuanyang</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/odint8UJmba6RBPbA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 4)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Yang Linqi</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/XcyrrQBgEW35Rw3f6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 1)</a></td>
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Refer to each paediatrician's <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/paediatric-centre/paediatricians-consultation-hours">consultation hours</a> for their availability.

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Latest share price, financial performance, and other materials relevant to investors.Read about our <a href="https://assets.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt5a13f1dd33c615fa/651e7a9aecf48b6d54c38b23/TMG-Investor-Relations-Policy-3Sep2020.pdf?branch=uat_release_3" target="_self">Investor Relations Policy</a>For Investor Relations matters, please email us at <a href="mailto:ir@thomsonmedical.com">ir@thomsonmedical.com</a> Thomson Medical Group Limited 101 Thomson Road #20-04/05, United Square Singapore 307591 Tel: +65 6331 0188 Fax: +65 6331 0180

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<table><tbody><tr><td>Stock symbol</td><td>A50.SI</td></tr><tr><td>Listing</td><td>Singapore Exchange </td></tr><tr><td>Financial Year End</td><td>June 30</td></tr><tr><td>Total issued shares as at 30 June 2023</td><td>26,441,066,807 ordinary shares</td></tr><tr><td>Market capitalisation as at 30 June 2023</td><td>S$1.6 billion</td></tr></tbody></table>

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IUI With Donor Sperm: A Fertility Pathway for Individuals and Couples

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Thomson Fertility Centre<ul><li>Paragon: <a href="tel:+6562527766" target="_blank">6252 7766</a></li></ul>Thomson Specialists (Women's Health)<ul><li>Woodleigh: <a href="tel:+6562801000" target="_self">6280 1000</a> (Call), <a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send/?phone=6586840153&text=I+was+browsing+the+Thomson+Medical+website+and+would+like+to+make+an+enquiry.&type=phone_number&app_absent=0" target="_self">8684 0153</a> (WA)<a href="tel:+6562761525"></a></li></ul>

CTA  — IUI (TFC + TSWL)

Getting Pregnant

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Dreaming of starting a family but facing challenges with natural conception? If male infertility is holding you back, IUI with donor sperm can be a gentle, supportive option to help you move forward. <h2>What is IUI with donor sperm?</h2><a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/iui" target="_blank">Intrauterine insemination (IUI)</a> with donor sperm, also known as artificial insemination, is a type of fertility treatment that involves placing sperm from a carefully screened donor directly into the uterus during ovulation.&nbsp;This increases the chances of fertilisation by bringing the sperm closer to the egg. IUI is a safe, non-invasive, and more affordable option compared to <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/fertility-services/ivf-for-women" target="_blank">in vitro fertilisation (IVF)</a>, making it a popular choice for single women and those facing male infertility.Important note: Single women and same-sex couples are currently not eligible for donor sperm treatments locally and often seek options abroad through private clinics. For more information on Singapore’s sperm donation regulations, please refer to the <a href="https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/HSA2020-S429-2023?DocDate=20230623" target="_blank">Ministry of Health’s guidelines</a>.<h2>How does sperm donation work in Singapore?</h2>In Singapore, sperm donation is strictly regulated by the Ministry of Health (MOH) to ensure safety and ethical standards. Here are the key facts:&nbsp;<ul><li>Anonymous donors only:&nbsp;<ul><li>The identity of the sperm donor is kept confidential and cannot be disclosed.</li></ul></li><li>Comprehensive screening:&nbsp;<ul><li>Donors undergo detailed screening, including medical history checks, genetic testing, STI screening, and psychological evaluation.</li></ul></li><li>Sperm sample collection:&nbsp;<ul><li>Approved donors are asked to provide a sperm sample through masturbation in a private room at the clinic or sperm bank. The sample is collected into a sterile container for analysis.</li></ul></li><li>Semen sample analysis:<ul><li>The sperm sample is evaluated for volume, sperm count, motility (movement), and morphology (shape) to determine if it meets quality standards for donation.</li></ul></li><li>Sperm quarantine:&nbsp;<ul><li>Donated sperm is stored for at least six months before use, ensuring it is safe and disease-free.</li></ul></li><li>Use of imported sperm:&nbsp;<ul><li>Due to the limited availability of local donors, most clinics use donor sperm from MOH-approved international sperm banks.</li></ul></li><li>Eligibility restrictions:&nbsp;<ul><li>As of 2024, only married heterosexual couples are allowed to undergo assisted reproduction treatments in Singapore.</li></ul></li></ul>Counselling is mandatory as part of the programme to prepare couples emotionally and address issues such as donor anonymity, disclosure to the child in the future, and long-term psychological considerations.<h2>Requirements to become sperm donor</h2><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blta9df56c4127dca10/68826c2ccdde5a575f1a9b09/blog-image_obgyn_requirements-sperm-donor.png?branch=production" alt="blog-image_obgyn_requirements-sperm-donor.png" height="auto"/>Sperm donors must meet strict eligibility criteria to ensure the health and safety of both the recipient and future child. Typically, donors are:<ul><li>Aged between 21 and 41 years old</li><li>In good physical and mental health</li><li>Thoroughly screened for genetic conditions, infectious diseases, family medical history, and lifestyle factors</li><li>Required to provide non-identifying details such as ethnicity, education level, blood type, and physical characteristics</li></ul>In Singapore, each donor is permitted to father no more than three children through this programme. This guideline helps reduce the risk of accidental sexual relationships between children conceived from the same donor. Moreover, all sperm donations must be altruistic. Donors cannot be financially compensated for their contribution, ensuring the programme remains ethical and voluntary.These safety measures ensure that only qualified and healthy individuals are accepted as sperm donors, giving recipients peace of mind.&nbsp;<h2>Who is IUI with donor sperm suitable for?</h2><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt493bb2acafe41771/68826c520fefd6ff2677276f/blog-image_obgyn_donor-sperm-suitability.png?branch=production" alt="blog-image_obgyn_donor-sperm-suitability.png" height="auto"/>IUI with donor sperm is a recommended fertility option for individuals and couples who are unable to conceive using a male partner’s sperm. This treatment may be suitable for:<ul><li>Couples facing severe male infertility, such as azoospermia or genetic abnormalities</li><li>Couples where the male partner carries a hereditary condition that could be passed on</li><li>Those with repeated unsuccessful fertility treatments using the partner’s sperm</li></ul>In some cases, IVF may be recommended instead of II, particularly for older patients or those with additional female factor infertility. A fertility specialist can advise on the best pathway.Considering IUI with donor sperm? <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/appointment" target="_blank">Request an appointment</a> with <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/fertility-centre" target="_blank">Thomson Fertility Centre</a> today to speak with our fertility specialists and explore your personalised options.&nbsp;

Dr Ryan Lee is an Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/thomson-specialists/woodleigh" target="_self">Thomson Specialists Woodleigh</a>.Dr Lee graduated with an intercalated bachelor of medical science degree (Honours) at Imperial College London and obtained MBBS (Distinction) in Medical Sciences, Clinical Science, and Clinical Practice at St Bartholomews and the Royal London, University of London. He further obtained a Masters of Medicine (O&amp;G) and was conferred a member of the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (MRCOG). Subsequently, he graduated from the Clinician-Scientist residency and became a fully qualified Obstetrician and Gynaecologist with the Specialist Accreditation Board of the Ministry of Health, Singapore.Dr Ryan’s practice encompasses general gynaecology, high-risk obstetrics with a special interest in maternal medicine. He advocates a holistic approach to the care of pregnant mothers through optimisation of medical conditions in pregnancy. He is also the co-lead for the SingHealth Maternal Medicine Network to promote joint collaborations among various medical sub-specialties for multi-disciplinary care. Dr Ryan received several service awards including the Singhealth Silver Quality award twice, ‘Service from the Heart’ award, ‘COVID Team Award', and 'Resilience Medal’ for excellent clinical service rendered in patient care.His main research interests focus on interventional lifestyle changes in improving obstetric outcomes in women with gestational diabetes and enhancing pregnancy outcomes. He is an Integrated Platform for Research in Advancing Metabolic Health Outcomes in Women and Children (IPRAMHO) investigator to develop excellent models of metabolic care. He was previously awarded the NMRC health research scholarship, graduating with a Masters of Clinical Investigation from the National University of Singapore. He was also awarded the Duke-NUS academic medical grant and National Medical Research Council New Investigator Grant (NIG) studying the ‘Functional roles of plasma micronutrients in obese women receiving nutrition intervention during preconception and early pregnancy. He presented at numerous international conferences and published numerous papers in reputable peer-reviewed journals.Besides research, Dr Ryan has an incessant passion for teaching and was previously awarded the Inspiring Resident-Educator award. He was appointed as a SingHealth residency physician facilitator and Duke-NUS Clinical assistant professor where he receives commendable accolades from students. He is happily married with 2 children whom he cherishes spending quality time with.Media:<ul><li><a href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/singapore-unplanned-pregnancies-abortions-contraceptive-pill-4032436" target="_blank">CNA Commentary: What’s behind the rise in unplanned pregnancies in Singapore?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.8world.com/singapore/christmas-baby-2659341" target="_blank">8world: 凌晨零点零分诞生 新手父母喜迎圣诞宝宝</a> (New Parents Welcome Christmas Baby at 12am)</li><li><a href="https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/singapore/story20241225-5646319" target="_blank">Lianhe Zaobao: 本地首个圣诞宝宝零时零分报到</a> (First Christmas Baby Arrived at Midnight)</li></ul>

Dr Ryan Lee Wai Kheong

Our second Thomson Fertility Centre in Singapore, led by Medical Director and Fertility Specialist Dr Tan Heng Hao, is set to open in Q3 of 2025 at Novena, United Square.Dr Tan Heng Hao is a Consultant Fertility Specialist, Obstetrician &amp; Gynaecologist, at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/fertility-centre" target="_blank">Thomson Fertility Centre</a>, in Novena.Dr Tan specialises in reproductive medicine, providing advanced fertility treatments including <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/fertility-services/ivf-for-women" target="_blank">IVF</a>, surgical sperm retrieval for male infertility, and laparoscopic tubal reversals. He is also proficient in minimally invasive surgery for endometriosis and other benign gynaecological conditions, and managing both IVF and non-IVF pregnancies.Dr Tan Heng Hao graduated with top honours in the Master’s of Medicine Examination in Obstetrics and Gynaecology from NUS and was awarded the top Gold Medal prize in IV Asian Congress O&amp;G in 2005. He holds a Fellowship with the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (FRCOG). He also has a Graduate Diploma in Healthcare Management &amp; Leadership from SMU. As a Ministry of Health (MOH) accredited IVF specialist in Singapore, he is also trained in advanced endoscopy and reproductive surgery for fertility enhancement. In 2009, he received part of his surgical training at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taipei under the Ministry’s Health Manpower Development Plan (HMDP) award and is one of the few specialists who still performs laparoscopic tubal reversals locally.Before entering private practice, Dr Tan held several key positions at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH), including Head of the Department in Reproductive Medicine, Senior Consultant in the Endometriosis Centre and Maternity Services, and Director of the IVF Centre &amp; National Sperm Bank. He also served as Deputy Chairman of the Division of O&amp;G and is the current Section Chair of Reproductive Medicine at the College of O&amp;G, Singapore.Dr Tan is a Clinical Core Faculty Member in the OBGYN Residency Program, a Clinical Senior Lecturer at Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and an Adjunct Associate Professor at SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine. He has been recognised with numerous awards, including the KK People Developer Award for Outstanding Clinical Teaching and the Superstar Award at the Singapore Health Quality Service Awards in 2019, highlighting his dedication to patient care. For more information on Dr Tan's dedication and contributions to healthcare, you can read his feature in The Straits Times: <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/healthcare-awards-honour-superstars-who-go-extra-mile" target="_self">Healthcare awards honour 'superstars' who go extra mile</a>.Dr Tan believes in a holistic approach to fertility care, tailoring treatments to maximise the yield of quality eggs and embryos, managing the expectations of couples, and providing a stress-free environment to enhance the success of pregnancy. He emphasises the importance of being more than just a doctor, accompanying patients throughout their fertility journey.Dr Tan is accredited to perform surgical procedures at Thomson Medical Centre.

Dr Tan Heng Hao

Fertility specialists at Thomson

<h2>What to expect after IUI with donor sperm?</h2>After undergoing IUI with donor sperm, it’s natural to watch for early signs of pregnancy, but remember, it's important to manage expectations and avoid testing too soon.<h3>Early signs of conception</h3>Some women may experience mild symptoms, including:<ul><li>Cramping or light spotting (possible implantation bleeding)</li><li>Breast tenderness</li><li>Fatigue or tiredness</li><li>Nausea</li><li>Frequent urination</li><li>Mild bloating</li></ul>These symptoms can closely resemble premenstrual signs and are not a definitive indicator of pregnancy. Avoid testing too early, as it can lead to unnecessary stress.<h3>When to take a pregnancy test</h3><ul><li>Wait 14 days after your IUI procedure before taking a home pregnancy test or visiting your clinic for a blood test</li><li>Testing earlier may lead to a false negative, as hormone levels may not be high enough to detect</li></ul>If your period is late or symptoms persist, you can <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/appointment" target="_blank">request an appointment</a> with us, and our fertility specialists can assist you with your next steps.<h2>FAQ</h2><h3 class="faq-qns">Can IUI be done with donor sperm?</h3>Yes, IUI can be done with donor sperm. It is a safe, widely used, and effective fertility option for individuals or couples who are unable—or choose not—to use sperm from a male partner.<h3 class="faq-qns">What is the best way to get pregnant with a sperm donor?</h3><div class="faq-ans">The most effective way to conceive using donor sperm includes:<ul><li>Using high-quality, medically screened donor sperm</li><li>Accurately timing insemination, often with ovulation tracking or a trigger shot</li><li>Maintaining good uterine and ovulatory health</li><li>Choosing the right method—<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/in-vitro-fertilization-vs-intrauterine-insemination" target="_blank">IUI or IVF</a>—based on age, fertility history, and medical advice</li></ul>Consulting a fertility specialist will help determine the best approach for your individual needs.</div><h3 class="faq-qns">What is the success rate of IUI with donor sperm?</h3><div class="faq-ans">The success of IUI with donor sperm can vary depending on individual factors, but general statistics show:<ul><li>15–20% success rate per cycle</li><li>40–60% cumulative success over 3 to 6 cycles</li><li>Higher success rates are seen in women under 35 with regular menstrual cycles and no other fertility issues</li></ul>Other important factors include accurate timing of ovulation, good uterine health, and sperm quality. Fortunately, donor sperm is typically of high quality due to strict screening standards.</div><h3 class="faq-qns">Can you use your husband’s sperm for IUI?</h3>Yes, IUI can be performed using your husband’s sperm. It is commonly used in cases of mild male infertility, unexplained infertility, or when timing needs to be optimised for conception.<h3 class="faq-qns">What are the risks of donor insemination?</h3><div class="faq-ans">Donor insemination is generally safe, but some risks include:<ul><li>Mild discomfort or cramping after the procedure</li><li>Low risk of infection due to sterile techniques</li><li>Emotional considerations around donor anonymity</li><li>Risk of multiple pregnancy if fertility medications are used</li></ul>Discussing these risks with a fertility specialist can help you make an informed decision.</div><h3 class="faq-qns">Can you pick gender with IUI?</h3><div class="faq-ans">No, gender selection is not possible with IUI. IVF with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) may be tried. But many countries, including Singapore, do not allow this unless it is medically needed to avoid genetic disorders.</div>If you're considering IUI as a fertility treatment option,<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/appointment?location=Thomson+Fertility+Centre" target="_blank"> request a consultation</a> with our fertility specialists at the<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/fertility-centre" target="_blank"> Thomson Fertility Centre</a> for personalised recommendations and tailored advice.The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a specialist at Thomson Medical. <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/appointment" target="_blank">Request an appointment</a> with Thomson Medical today.

Understand the IUI process with donor sperm, its benefits, and what to expect along your path to parenthood.

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Breast lumps during pregnancy are very common. The expectant mother will experience many normal physiological changes ― an increase in breast size, more obvious sweat glands around the nipples, a darkening of the areola ― all of which will prepare her body for breastfeeding.Common non-cancerous variations to breasts include hormonal changes (fibrocystic changes), fibroadenomas, cysts, lipomas, accessory (extra) breast tissue. Pregnancy-related breast cancers make up about 3 per cent of all breast cancers.Whenever a pregnant woman feels a lump, she should see a doctor to get their opinion, keeping in mind that most times it will turn out to be nothing serious!<h2>What the doctor will do</h2>When you see the doctor, she will ask details as to how you detected the lump, how long it has been present and if you have detected any changes, so as to get an idea what the lump is likely to be.Next, the doctor will conduct a breast examination to confirm the presence of the lump, and check for any other symptoms such as skin changes or nipple discharge.Most patients will then be recommended to get an ultrasound scan ― this will give additional information as to whether this lump is benign or cancerous. If there is any concern that the lump may be cancerous, your doctor will advise you as to the pros and cons of having a biopsy, which can be done safely even during pregnancy.“If a pregnant women detects a lump, I would advise them to have a thorough consultation and a physical examination, followed by an ultrasound. If necessary, I would then perform a biopsy.”<h2>Breast cancer screening during pregnancy</h2>A screening checks for cancer even when a patient is feeling well and has absolutely no cancer signs or symptoms. For breast cancer screening, most countries, including Singapore, recommend mammogram screening from age 50 onwards. For women who are at higher risk, this may start at 40. Some specialists will recommend a supplementary ultrasound as well.If a pregnant women detects a lump, I would advise them to have a thorough consultation and a physical examination, followed by an ultrasound. If necessary, I would then perform a biopsy.<h2>Screening methods (Mammograms/Ultrasound)</h2>Ultrasound, the same technology used to monitor the baby during pregnancy, is safe and useful in detecting lumps, and to check if it’s solid or cystic. Most specialists do not use ultrasound as a screening method as the majority of such lumps it detects are not cancerous.A diagnostic ultrasound can still be performed safely on pregnant women to assess their breast lump. If a subsequent biopsy confirms a cancer, she may then need a baseline mammogram, after discussing the pros and cons with her doctor. This is because early stage breast cancer may not form a lump yet, but may attract calcium spots, which can be detected using a mammogram. An abdominal lead apron may be used to reduce the baby’s exposure to radiation.<h2>Breast cancer treatment</h2>If the biopsy shows that the lump is non-cancerous (benign), then it may be left alone.However, if the biopsy shows that it is cancerous, the breast cancer treatment protocols will be modified for the expectant woman. Staging* has to be conducted to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, but only with liver ultrasound and chest X-ray. Depending on which trimester of the pregnancy she is in, the breast surgeon, oncologist and the ob-gyn will discuss what is best for the patient and her baby.Chemotherapy may be administered from the second trimester onwards, followed by surgery after she deliver the baby. As such management of the patient’s treatment is complex, it will involve good multidisciplinary care by experienced doctors.*Staging is a way to describe where the cancer is located, how much the cancer has grown, and if or where it has spread.

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Although common breast changes are normal in pregnancy, finding a lump can be worrying. Learn what are the recommended next steps, and when you should worry.

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Breast Lumps During Pregnancy: What to Expect and Do

“It all started with a persistent pain in the left breast, and I was referred by my General Practitioner for a mammogram and ultrasound. Both the mammogram and ultrasound results showed an abnormal lump, and I was further scheduled for a breast biopsy to determine if the lump was benign or malignant. Questions started to fill my mind. What is breast biopsy and how is it performed? And is it painful?”For many patients, pain is a very common symptom and is the most common complaint that brings them to see a doctor. For a small group, there happens to be an abnormal lump found that needs a biopsy. Most times, pain is not a sign of cancer, and any lumps found may not be the cause of the breast pain you experienced.Some of us may face a similar situation when a lump is detected. It is normal to have many questions. This article aims to address some of your preliminary questions while you arrange for a consult with a professional specialist. It is important to seek timely professional diagnosis and treatment.Here’s what you need to know about a breast biopsy and what to expect.<h2>What is a breast biopsy?</h2>A breast biopsy is a process where a small sample of breast tissue is removed through a special biopsy needle. The tissue samples removed from the breast lump will be further examined under a microscope. Typically, the breast biopsy is performed if there is an abnormality detected from your previous mammograms or breast ultrasounds. The goal of the biopsy is to determine what the abnormality is and the best treatment to move forward with.Although ultrasounds and mammograms are useful ways to identify breast lumps, a breast biopsy is the only way to confirm what the lump is. Breast screening is to be done, even if you are well and have no symptoms at all, and annual mammograms should start from age 40.If you experience any symptoms, please see a doctor for early diagnostic imaging tests:<ul><li>Breast lump</li><li>Changes in the colour or contour of the breast or nipple or dimpling of skin</li><li>Discharge from the nipple</li></ul>Most breast biopsies are quick and painless. Many of the breast lumps may turn out to be benign as there are a variety of conditions that can cause lumps in the breast. However, your doctor will usually want to take precautions and order breast screening tests to rule out early <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/breast-cancer" target="_blank">breast cancer</a>.<h2>How to prepare for a breast biopsy?</h2>Before your breast biopsy, you can prepare by informing your breast surgeon if you:<ul><li>Have any allergies</li><li>Are taking any blood-thinning medications</li><li>Have consumed aspirin in the last seven days</li><li>Not able to lie face down for more than an hour</li></ul>You will likely meet with your specialist prior to the procedure. Your doctor would be able to advise you on the procedure and give you advice such as:<ul><li>What type of breast biopsy procedure will be done?</li><li>What is the location of my biopsy?</li><li>Will a part or all of the lump be extracted?</li><li>Will it leave a scar?</li><li>How soon will I receive my results?</li><li>How soon can I resume normal activities?</li><li>What type of anaesthesia will be used?</li></ul>Make sure to wear a sports bra and loose clothing to have ease in dressing after the procedure. You may also want to have a designated driver or someone to accompany you home safely.<h2>What are the different types of breast biopsies and how are they performed?</h2>Once your breast surgeon decides that a biopsy is needed, they will determine the best type of biopsy for your situation. There are a few breast biopsy procedures to obtain samples of a patient’s breast lumps. Your breast surgeon will recommend based on the location, size, and other characteristics of the breast abnormality.Your breast surgeon will take a tissue sample either through a minimally invasive biopsy procedure or surgery. Minimally invasive procedures are ideal because they offer:<ul><li>Less pain</li><li>Less scarring</li><li>Faster recovery time</li><li>Lower risk of infection</li><li>Lower hospital costs</li><li>Able to return to usual activities quickly</li></ul><h3>Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy</h3>This procedure is performed through ultrasound guidance. An ultrasound is a method that utilises high-frequency sound waves to generate precise images.The breast surgeon will locate the lump within the patient’s breasts using the breast ultrasound device before a small incision is made for the biopsy needle to retrieve tissue samples. With an ultrasound-guided breast biopsy, the breast surgeon can identify <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breastbius" target="_self">lumps near the chest wall or under the arms</a>.It can be used in conjunction with vacuum-assisted core biopsy, core needle biopsy, or fine needle aspiration biopsy. This ultrasound-guided breast biopsy procedure is also more cost-effective than other methods like open surgical biopsy.<h3>Stereotactic biopsy</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/bltdc27a561fa0c5072/6545217008cc0104077ce311/Stereotactic_Biopsy.jpeg?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>With a stereotactic biopsy, a 3D image of the breast is created from the mammogram results. The doctor uses the image to pinpoint the exact location of the suspected breast lump and guides the needle there. The patient will lay <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-biopsy-stereotactic#procedure" target="_self">facing down on a padded biopsy table</a> with one of the breasts positioned in the hole in the table. The patient’s breast will be compressed with two plates while the biopsy site is located using a targeted mammogram. The breast surgeon or radiologist will then create a small incision into the biopsy site and insert a large core needle to remove tissue samples.<h3>RI-guided core needle biopsy</h3>Instead of using an ultrasound device, a biopsy can be performed under the guidance of an MRI. This imaging device captures cross-sectional images of the breast so that the hollow needle can be guided to the site of the breast lump. This procedure can be used with core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted core biopsy, or wire localisation.he different types of breast biopsy vary in terms of how invasive the procedure it can be. Your breast surgeon will advise on the procedure that is the best for you.<h3>Open (surgical) biopsy</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt4155c1fcecc004d3/654521990970dd001bd16e10/Open_(Surgical)_Biopsy.png?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>The breast surgeon will remove part or the entire lump. If the lump is small and deep, a very thin needle and a thin wire will be placed inside the breast before the operation to help guide the breast surgeon.Generally, a surgical biopsy is performed in an operating room usually under general <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia" target="_blank">anaesthesia</a>.<h3>Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology</h3>In this procedure, a thin needle attached to a syringe is inserted into the breast lumps. The syringe will collect the sample of fluid or cells from the lump and small tissue samples are removed. Your doctor will advise if this is suitable for you.<h3>Sentinel node biopsy</h3>This procedure removes the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging/sentinel-node-biopsy-fact-sheet" target="_self">sentinel lymph node</a> or the first node to which cancer cells are most likely to spread. The surgeon uses blue dye or a radioactive tracer to identify the node. Then, the node is removed and tested for cancer. Cancer could have spread to other lymph nodes if the sentinel node tests positive. However, if it is negative, the likelihood of cancer spreading to other lymph nodes is lower.<h3>Vacuum-assisted core biopsy</h3>This procedure is performed with an ultrasound or mammogram unit and can be seen as an upgraded form of the core needle biopsy. Like the core biopsy, a larger needle is used and allows for several tissue samples to be taken at one time.A probe or hollow tube is inserted into a cut made on the skin. Then, a vacuum-assisted device is used to pull the tissue into the needle while a rotating cutting device takes the sample. Using a suction device is beneficial because it can get more cells and fluid through the needle, which cuts down on the number of times the needle will need to be inserted to retrieve multiple samples.<h2>Benefits and risks of breast biopsy</h2>Before proceeding with breast biopsy procedures, you may want to discuss with the breast surgeon and weigh the benefits and risks to determine the suitable procedure that is right for you. Fortunately, most procedures are less invasive compared to surgical biopsy and some will leave minimal to no scarring. The biopsy results will indicate whether the breast lump is malignant or benign which would either allow you to rest easy or quickly get the treatment that you need.Although these procedures are generally safe, there are some risks involved. Possible complications that can incur from a breast biopsy include:<ul><li>Mild pain and bruising</li><li>Infection</li><li>Prolonged bleeding</li><li>Soreness at the biopsy site</li></ul>Many of these side effects are simply temporary. However, if they persist, contact your <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-a-doctor/breast-surgeon-singapore" target="_blank">breast surgeon</a> for treatment. Generally, following the aftercare instructions will greatly reduce these risks and limit the odds of infection.<h2>FAQ</h2><h3>Why is a breast biopsy done?</h3>A breast biopsy can be done for several reasons:<ul><li>To identify any lumps in your breast</li><li>To check for the potential causes of any nipple problems such as bloody discharge</li><li>To evaluate whether the breast lump or breast mass is cancerous or non-cancerous.</li><li>To check the severity of a problem seen from the breast imaging results, such as a fluid-filled cyst or calcium deposits in breast tissue (microcalcifications)</li></ul><h3>How often are breast biopsies positive for cancer?</h3>&gt; 80% of the patients who undergo the biopsy procedure do not have cancer, while only &lt; 20% of breast biopsies are malignant. When the results are negative, the breast lump is benign.<h3>Does a breast biopsy hurt?</h3>The breast surgeon may use local anaesthesia to help numb the biopsy area during the procedure. It may be slightly uncomfortable, but most patients describe it as tolerable. Once the site is numb from the local anaesthetic, one should only feel pressure but no pain from the biopsy.Typically, only local anaesthesia is required. However, general anaesthesia may be used in severe cases, meaning the entire body is numbed.<h3>How long does it take to recover from breast biopsy?</h3>Biopsy procedures do not cause significant pain to your body. However, you may experience some bruising, tenderness, or soreness for a few days after the biopsy procedure. Patients can take non-aspirin pain relievers that contain acetaminophen and apply cold packs to help ease the pain and discomfort. However, it can take longer to recover from surgical removal procedures when compared to nonsurgical procedures.With all breast biopsy procedures, except for the surgical biopsy, you will be able to go home without a patient caregiver. You will likely have bandages and a cold pack over the biopsy site. Most patients can resume usual activities within a day after the procedure.Tell your breast surgeon if you notice the following problems after the biopsy:<ul><li>Pain that gets worse</li><li>Chills or fever</li><li>Swelling, redness, drainage, or bleeding</li></ul><h3>How soon should you expect to receive your breast biopsy results?</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt3ce74f2f0f705f43/654521d254447604077cfdc6/Breast_Biopsy.jpeg?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>Once the procedure is done, the breast tissue samples are sent to the lab. A pathologist will evaluate the samples using specialised tools and then create a report to send to the breast surgeon, who will share the results with you.Generally, it takes a few days before the results are ready. However, it can take as long as two weeks before the test results are available if the lab needs more time to process your specimen.Sometimes a clear diagnosis is not possible based on the sample given. In this scenario, you may need another biopsy performed so that the breast surgeon can obtain more breast tissue for further evaluation.The results will share details about the consistency and size of the breast tissue samples, the location of the biopsy site, and whether there are cancer cells present. If it is malignant, the report will detail the type of breast cancer you have. Based on the findings, your breast surgeon will advise on the next steps for treatment.<h2>Book Your Appointment at Thomson Breast Centre</h2>Prevention is always better than cure! Our clinical team at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/breast" target="_blank">Thomson Breast Centre</a> offers different services for all <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/breast-screening-mammogram-ultrasound" target="_blank">breast screening</a> needs with the assurance that you will be well taken care of. It is important to detect signs of breast cancer early. The sooner it is detected, the faster the treatment can start. At Thomson Medical, our doctors will evaluate the lump and provide the appropriate tests for diagnosis.Most patients start with a specialist consultation for a personalised clinical breast assessment. We offer a wide range of biopsy procedures, from minimally invasive removal to more advanced surgical options if a biopsy is needed. Book a specialist consultation with Thomson Breast Centre and start your breast health journey today.

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Worried about a breast lump? Don't panic. A breast biopsy is a simple procedure that can help determine if the lump is benign or malignant. Learn more about the process and what to expect from this article.

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Everything You Need to Know About Breast Biopsy

Just as there are skin issues that arise during pregnancy, skin conditions can also develop after you give birth. Fortunately, they are largely treatable, so there is no need to fret – your postpartum skin and hair will bounce back in no time. We take a look at some of the most common conditions.<h2>Acne</h2>Caused by an inflammation in the facial oil glands, acne may be aggravated by hormonal changes. Most of the time, acne clears within a few weeks or months, but medical treatment should be sought to prevent the risk of scarring. There are many topical agents that can be safely used even when breastfeeding. In more severe cases, oral medications such as antibiotics may be required.<h2>Melasma</h2>Also known as “the mask of pregnancy”, this pigmentation condition is due to increased melanin production and is caused by a combination of genetic and hormonal factors, as well as sun exposure. It tends to affect Asian skin more, appearing as brownish patches over the cheeks, forehead, temples, nasal bridge, upper lips and jawline.It is best controlled by avoiding the sun and with regular use of sunscreen, lightening creams and topical agents, although it can persist in some cases. Other treatments include chemical peeling, intense pulsed light therapy and certain forms of laser therapy. Inform your doctor if you are breastfeeding – certain ingredients such as tretinoin and hydroquinone that can be found in some skincare products should be avoided by breastfeeding mums.<h2>Dermatitis/eczema</h2>Eczema or dermatitis is a relatively common yet noninfectious condition, so it will not spread to your baby. Often it is an aggravation of an underlying sensitive skin condition that has been present for some time. For new mothers, it can also develop as a result of excessive water contact due to frequent handwashing.Use moisturiser regularly to soothe inflamed and itchy skin. Topical steroid creams are prescribed to calm inflamed skin and are safe to use even when breastfeeding. Use a gentle soap substitute and continue to moisturise even after the skin rash has settled.<h2>Stretchmarks</h2>Affecting at least 90 percent of pregnant women, stretchmarks are a form of scarring that appear red when fresh, but most will fade to white after delivery. During pregnancy, intensive use of moisturisers may help the condition, and there are specially formulated stretchmark creams on the market that you can continue using after delivery. For more severe cases, dermatologists may prescribe tretinoin cream to use postpartum when you are not breastfeeding. Some skin-tightening laser treatments are safe options to remove stretchmarks even if you are breastfeeding, but these usually require multiple sessions.<h2>Telogen effluvium</h2>This condition results in hair fall that usually occurs about three months after delivery. Though increased hair fall can be distressing to new mothers, it is almost always a self-limiting condition, and you will usually recover within six months. If you notice increased hair fall, consult a doctor to exclude other causes of hair loss (such as low iron levels). Topical medications can be used if you are not breastfeeding.

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Postpartum skin problems like acne, melasma, and stretch marks are common but temporary. Learn how to relieve and prevent the 5 most frequent postpartum skin woes.

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The 5 Most Common Postpartum Skin Issues and How to Treat Them