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Thomson Specialists

Thomson Medical offers convenient access to comprehensive specialist outpatient and surgical care for women, children, and families through Thomson Specialists. Our team is dedicated to addressing your unique needs and providing tailored treatment options. Take control of your health today by booking an appointment at any of our Thomson Specialists clinics and embark on a journey towards improved well-being.

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Thomson Women's Clinic

At Thomson Women’s Clinics, we are committed to providing modern and comprehensive care for women of all ages. Our experienced team of O&amp;G specialists is dedicated to creating a caring environment where your health and well-being are our top priorities. Our specialists provide specialised services on preventive measures, accurate diagnosis, and personalised treatment plans.Whether you need specialised care for women-related conditions or navigating the journey of childbirth, seeking support for family planning and fertility treatments, or requiring compassionate care through menopause, we are here for you.

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Specialists in Women’s Health

We understand that managing your health appointments around work and family commitments can be challenging. For your convenience, we provides women's health consultations beyond standard hours at multiple locations across Singapore.Extended Hours LocationsWhile all 12 of our women's health clinics operate during standard clinic hours, the following locations offer extended consultation times:Northeast<ul><li>Woodleigh: Thursday, 6pm - 9pm</li><li>Sengkang: Tuesday &amp; Friday, 5:30pm - 7:00pm</li><li>Punggol: Tuesday, Thursday &amp; Friday, 12pm - 8pm</li></ul>East<ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Tampines: Monday, 7pm - 9pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Katong: Wednesday, 10am - 8pm</li></ul>West<ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Jurong: Monday &amp; Thursday, 6pm - 9pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Bukit Batok: Monday, Thursday &amp; Friday, 6pm - 8:30pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Choa Chu Kang: Monday, 6pm - 8pm</li></ul>Thomson Medical is committed to providing accessible healthcare that fits your schedule.

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Thomson Paediatric Centre

At Thomson Paediatric Centres, our unwavering commitment is to treat your child with the same level of care and dedication as we would our own. We provide children's healthcare services to alleviate every parent's concerns and ensure the well-being of our next generation. Our experienced team of Paediatricians is devoted to cultivating a caring environment where your child's health is our top priority.Besides General Paediatrics services, we also offer specialised services in Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology. Our specialist doctors are experienced in areas such as Nutrition, Respiratory, Growth &amp; Development assessment, and Paediatric Urgent Care for babies to young children and adolescents. Trust us to be your partner in safeguarding your child's health and ensuring a compassionate and comprehensive approach to their medical needs.

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Our Paediatricians

Please click on the below links for our Paediatricians' availabilities.
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 <td>Dr Ang Ai Tin</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/XcyrrQBgEW35Rw3f6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 1)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Eugene Han</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/odint8UJmba6RBPbA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 4)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Grace Lim</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/obLpwmEFumMjMzRz8" target="_blank">Thomson Specialists (Woodleigh)</a> </td>
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 <td>Dr Kenneth Chua Yong Yeow</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/Kp3TYWxzLXkfkkPYA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Punggol)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Leo Deng Jin</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/NVzfb9zvkUMvvNxN8" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Bukit Panjang)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Lim Yang Chern</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/7Ex6ra4NmwHQUopS6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Jurong)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Ong Ian</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/78WJoj482r35Af7T9" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Parkway Parade)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Tan Kuanyang</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/odint8UJmba6RBPbA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 4)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Yang Linqi</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/XcyrrQBgEW35Rw3f6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 1)</a></td>
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Refer to each paediatrician's <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/paediatric-centre/paediatricians-consultation-hours">consultation hours</a> for their availability.

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Latest share price, financial performance, and other materials relevant to investors.Read about our <a href="https://assets.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt5a13f1dd33c615fa/651e7a9aecf48b6d54c38b23/TMG-Investor-Relations-Policy-3Sep2020.pdf?branch=uat_release_3" target="_self">Investor Relations Policy</a>For Investor Relations matters, please email us at <a href="mailto:ir@thomsonmedical.com">ir@thomsonmedical.com</a> Thomson Medical Group Limited 101 Thomson Road #20-04/05, United Square Singapore 307591 Tel: +65 6331 0188 Fax: +65 6331 0180

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<table><tbody><tr><td>Stock symbol</td><td>A50.SI</td></tr><tr><td>Listing</td><td>Singapore Exchange </td></tr><tr><td>Financial Year End</td><td>June 30</td></tr><tr><td>Total issued shares as at 30 June 2023</td><td>26,441,066,807 ordinary shares</td></tr><tr><td>Market capitalisation as at 30 June 2023</td><td>S$1.6 billion</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Knee Replacement Surgery Costs at Private Hospitals in Singapore: What to Expect

Thomson Medical - Medical Concierge Services

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Thomson Medical Concierge<ul><li>8.30am - 5.30pm</li><li>WhatsApp: <a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send/?phone=6591472051&text=I+was+browsing+the+Thomson+Medical+website+and+would+like+to+make+an+enquiry.&type=phone_number&app_absent=0" target="_self">9147 2051</a><a href="tel:+6562501965"></a></li></ul><hr/>Need help finding the right specialist or booking for a group?Our Medical Concierge is here to help you. Simply fill in our form, and we'll check and connect you with the right specialist promptly.Notice:The range of services may vary between Thomson clinic locations. Please contact your preferred branch directly to enquire about the current availability.

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Knee

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<h2>What is knee replacement surgery?</h2><a href="#" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/total-knee-replacement">Knee replacement surgery</a>, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a procedure designed to relieve pain and restore function in severely diseased or damaged knee joints.&nbsp;The operation involves removing the damaged cartilage and bone from the ends of the thigh bone (femur) and shin bone (tibia), and occasionally the back of the kneecap (patella), and replacing them with artificial components made of metal and plastic. These prosthetic implants are shaped to recreate the natural movement of the knee, allowing for improved mobility and reduced pain.&nbsp;The surgery is most commonly performed for people suffering from severe <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/osteoarthritis" target="_blank">osteoarthritis</a>, <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/rheumatoid-arthritis" target="_blank">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, or <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/speciality/orthopaedic/knee" target="_blank">significant knee injuries</a> that have not responded to other treatmentsThere are two main types of knee replacement: <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/total-knee-replacement" target="_blank">total knee replacement</a>, where both sides of the joint are replaced, and <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/partial-knee-replacement" target="_blank">partial knee replacement</a>, which targets only the affected part of the knee.&nbsp;<h2>What is the cost of knee replacement surgery in Singapore?</h2>Costs for knee replacement surgery in Singapore vary significantly depending on whether you choose a public or private hospital and whether you get partial or total knee replacement surgery.In private hospitals, the cost of knee replacement surgery typically ranges from SGD 35,000 to SGD 50,000, before any insurance subsidies.These price ranges generally cover the operation fee, implant fee, and other ad hoc fees as per MOH's SB810K bills and fee benchmark.However, additional charges may arise from expenses such as pre-surgery consultations, imaging tests like <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/x-ray-clinic-singapore" target="_blank">X-rays</a> or <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/ct-scan-singapore" target="_blank">CT scans</a>, medications, post-surgery follow-up appointments, and extended rehabilitation.This article was written in May 2025. Hence, prices for knee replacement surgery may have changed since then. For more accurate benchmarking prices, please visit the<a href="https://www.moh.gov.sg/managing-expenses/bills-and-fee-benchmarks/cost-financing/tosp-sb810k-bill-information" target="_blank"> MOH website</a> for more details.<h2>Are there any subsidies for knee replacement surgery?</h2>Yes, there are several schemes in Singapore that can help offset the total costs of knee replacement surgery.These include MediSave, MediShield Life, and Integrated Shield Plans. Each offers different levels of coverage for your knee replacement surgery, depending on your eligibility and insurance arrangements.As of 2023, MOH has also introduced the 'Implant Subsidy List' (ISL). ISL aims to provide further subsidies for low-income patients that require high-cost surgical implants.<h3>MediSave</h3><a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/finance/medisave-and-medishield" target="_blank">MediSave</a> is a national medical savings scheme that allows Singaporean citizens and permanent residents to use their savings for hospitalisation expenses.For hospitalisation, you can use up to SGD 1,130 per day for the first two days and SGD 400 per day for each subsequent day for inpatient hospital charges. These charges include daily ward changes, treatment fees, investigations, and medications.For day surgery, you can claim up to SGD 830 per day for hospital charges related to the procedure. For surgery, you can use between SGD 240 and SGD 5,290 from your MediSave, depending on the complexity of the surgery.According to the CPF website, knee replacement surgery is classified under 6A on the Table of Surgical Procedures (TOSP). Hence, the withdrawal limit for knee replacement surgery is SGD 3,260.This article was written in May 2025. Hence, prices for knee replacement surgery may have changed since then. For more accurate benchmarking prices, please visit the<a href="https://www.cpf.gov.sg/member/healthcare-financing/using-your-medisave-savings/using-medisave-for-hospitalisation" target="_blank"> CPF website</a> for more details.<h3>MediShield Life</h3><a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/finance/medisave-and-medishield" target="_blank">MediShield Life</a> is a basic health insurance plan for all Singaporeans and PRs, designed to help pay for large hospital bills and selected costly outpatient treatments.It will cover a portion of the surgical and hospitalisation costs for knee replacement surgery, and similar to MediSave, there are claim limits.For hospitalisation, the claim limits are SGD 830 per day for normal wards and SGD 5,140 for intensive care unit (ICU) wards, which include an additional SGD 800 per day for the first two inpatient days.For surgical procedures, MediShield Life also follows the TOSP, meaning that there will be a claim limit for knee replacement surgery at SGD 3,540 and an SGD 7,000 claim for implants per treatment.This article was written in May 2025. Hence, prices for knee replacement surgery may have changed since then. For more accurate benchmarking prices, please visit the<a href="https://www.cpf.gov.sg/member/healthcare-financing/medishield-life/what-medishield-life-covers-you-for" target="_blank"> CPF website</a> for more details.<h3>Integrated Shield Plans</h3>Integrated Shield Plans (IPs) are private insurance policies that offer additional coverage beyond what is provided by MediShield Life. They can cover a larger portion of your hospital bill, especially if you opt for private hospitals or higher-class wards.Many IPs also offer “as-charged” benefits, meaning they cover the actual bill amount, subject to policy terms and annual limits.Coverage details and claim limits vary depending on the insurer and the specific plan and additional riders purchased.If you are curious how much you can claim from your IPs for your knee replacement surgery, it is best to talk to your insurance provider directly to discuss the details of your plan. For those under Prudential, please <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/form/prudential-concierge" target="_blank">contact us</a> via the Prudential medical concierge form if you have any further questions.<h3>Implant Subsidy List</h3>The Implant Subsidy List (ISL) aims to extend subsidies to lower-income patients and encourage the use of clinically effective and cost-effective implants to improve patient outcomes.Those requiring knee implants for your knee replacement surgery qualify for acute inpatient subsidies, day surgery and day operation subsidies, and specialist outpatient clinics.Singaporean citizens and permanent residents are eligible for up to 80% and 50% subsidies, respectively.Subsidy levels are determined through household means-testing using Monthly Per Capita Household Income (PCHI) to account for the overall financial resources of the household to support the household members. For households with zero PCHI, the annual value of their residential property is used to determine subsidy levels.This article was written in May 2025. Hence, the subsidies for ISL may have changed since then. For more accurate benchmarking prices, please visit the<a href="https://www.moh.gov.sg/managing-expenses/schemes-and-subsidies/implant-subsidy-list" target="_blank"> MOH website</a> for more details.<h2>What factors affect the cost of my knee replacement surgery?</h2>Several key factors influence the final bill for knee replacement surgery in Singapore:<ul><li>Type of knee replacement:<ul><li>Partial knee replacements are generally less expensive than total knee replacements.</li><li>Bilateral (both knees) procedures cost more than single knee replacements.</li></ul></li><li>Choice of implant materials:<ul><li>Standard implants are more affordable.</li><li>Custom or advanced materials (such as ceramic components) increase costs.</li></ul></li><li>Hospital ward:<ul><li>Higher-class wards (A or B1) in both public and private hospitals incur higher daily charges</li><li>Subsidised wards (B2 or C) are generally more affordable.</li></ul></li><li>Surgeon experience:<ul><li>Senior or highly experienced surgeons typically charge higher fees than junior surgeons.</li></ul></li><li>Complexity of case:<ul><li>Complicated cases, such as revisions or those requiring additional procedures, will cost more.</li></ul></li><li>Pre- and post-operative care:<ul><li>Expenses for consultations, imaging, medications, and physiotherapy add to the total cost.</li></ul></li><li>Length of hospital stay:<ul><li>Longer stays increase overall costs due to additional room and nursing charges.</li></ul></li></ul><h2>Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)</h2><a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/news/dr-jerry-chen-pioneers-total-knee-replacement-at-thomson-medical-centre" target="_blank">Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)</a> is a multidisciplinary approach to surgical care that follows established protocols for patient recovery following major surgical procedures. These protocols are based on published medical evidence and are designed to address surgical stress response and postoperative complications.ERAS protocols may help you by:<ul><li>Improving recovery time<ul><li>Some patients following ERAS protocols may experience different recovery patterns compared to traditional surgical approaches. Recovery varies for each person based on their health, type of surgery, and how well they follow care instructions.</li></ul></li><li>Reducing the length of your hospital stay<ul><li>In certain cases, patients may have shorter hospital stays. Some patients may be able to go home in less than 23 hours after surgery, depending on their condition and doctor's assessment. This varies by individual and type of procedure.</li></ul></li><li>Reducing healthcare costs<ul><li>Shorter hospital stays may result in different healthcare costs for some patients. Cost considerations vary based on individual circumstances, insurance coverage, and specific medical needs.</li></ul></li></ul>It is important to note that not all patients are suitable for ERAS protocols. Recovery experiences differ from person to person, so your doctor will assess if ERAS is appropriate for your situation.&nbsp;Individual results may vary. Patients should discuss treatment options, risks, and expected outcomes with their healthcare provider. This information is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice.

Dr Jerry Chen is a Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon and Medical Director at Alps Orthopaedic Centre, with over 15 years of clinical experience in orthopaedic surgery.Dr Chen specialises in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), hip and knee conditions, joint replacement and preservation surgery, sports injuries, minimally invasive and robotic surgery, and trauma fractures of the upper and lower limbs.Dr Chen graduated from the National University of Singapore with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery. He was subsequently accepted into the highly competitive Orthopaedic Surgery specialist training programme at SingHealth, earning the Best Resident Award. In 2018, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh). He constantly seeks different learning opportunities. On his own initiative, he has completed several overseas trainings in countries such as China, Switzerland, Germany, and the United Kingdom, where he trained and worked with internationally renowned surgeons.Before entering private practice, Dr Chen was a Consultant at Singapore General Hospital (SGH). He led the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) workgroup for hip and knee replacement surgery and served as the lead for total hip replacement for SGH’s Value-Driven Care (VDC) workgroup. Dr Chen has performed over 500 surgeries annually and has been instrumental in improving patient outcomes, reducing the average hospitalisation stay for hip and knee replacement surgeries from 4 days to 18 hours.Dr Chen is actively involved in teaching as a Clinical Associate Professor at Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School and a core faculty member for SingHealth’s Orthopaedic Surgery residency training. He has received numerous awards, including the Inspiring Resident Educator Award in 2018. He is a recognised speaker at local and international conferences, has published over 100 scientific papers and book chapters, and has secured more than a million dollars in research grants. Dr Chen also participates in research programmes focused on improving patient treatment outcomes in areas such as keyhole shoulder surgery and foot &amp; ankle surgeries.Dr Chen is accredited to perform surgical procedures at Thomson Medical Centre.

Dr Jerry Chen

Doctors who can perform ERAS

Dr Jerry Chen specialises in ERAS, hip and knee conditions, joint replacement and preservation surgery, sports injuries, minimally invasive and robotic surgery, and trauma fractures of the upper and lower limbs.<h2>Case Study: Private Hospital with Integrated Shield Plan</h2>Profile: 58-year-old patient with private insurance (Integrated Shield Plan) needs total knee replacement and is planning to stay at a private hospital.<table><thead><tr><th>Estimated total bill</th><th>Insurance coverage</th><th>Final out-of-pocket expenses</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>SGD 35,000 to SGD 50,000*</td><td>Since 2019, the Ministry of Health (MOH) has mandated that all new IP riders include a minimum 5% co-payment—to encourage prudent use of healthcare services and avoid overconsumption.</td><td>The patient would need to pay from SGD 1,750 to SGD 2,500, which can be usually covered by MediSave.</td></tr></tbody></table>Please note that for the most accurate estimate of insurance coverage and out-of-pocket expenses, you should consult their insurance provider directly, as coverage details vary by plan and insurer.*This article was written in May 2025. Hence, prices for knee replacement surgery may have changed since then. For more accurate benchmarking prices, please visit the<a href="https://www.moh.gov.sg/managing-expenses/bills-and-fee-benchmarks/cost-financing/tosp-sb716k-bill-information" target="_blank"> MOH website</a> for more details.<h2>How do I process my insurance claims?</h2>To process an insurance claim at a hospital in Singapore, you typically need to inform the hospital staff of your intent to claim, gather required documents like final bills and receipts, and submit the claim to your insurance provider through their designated channels (online portal, email, etc.).For some insurance policies, the hospital may handle the claims process directly, especially for cashless claims. Here's a more detailed breakdown:<ul><li>Understand your coverage:<ul><li>Before you schedule your treatment, meet your financial advisor to discuss the costs and coverage available for you should you undergo knee replacement surgery.</li></ul></li><li>Inform the hospital:<ul><li>When you are admitted to the hospital, inform the hospital staff that you wish to make an insurance claim. They may guide you through the necessary paperwork and forms.</li></ul></li><li>Gather the required documents:<ul><li>Ensure you have all the original, final bills and receipts for all treatments, including hospital stays, procedures, and medications.</li><li>If available, gather any relevant medical reports, diagnostic test results, and discharge summaries.</li><li>If you used your MediSave account for payment, you'll need a statement showing the Hospital Registration Number (HRN).</li><li>You may need to download and complete a claim form from your insurance provider's website.</li></ul></li><li>Submit the claim:<ul><li>Many insurers offer different portals for submitting claims, including online portals, mobile apps, email, or direct paper submission to your financial advisor.</li><li>If the hospital handles the claim directly, they will submit it on your behalf.</li></ul></li><li>Follow up and track progress:<ul><li>You should receive an acknowledgement of your claim submission.</li><li>Check the status of your claim through your insurer's online portal or app.</li><li>Do note that claim processing typically takes about 2 to 3 months from the date of submission (e-filing).</li><li>Some complex cases may take longer, especially if additional documents or clarifications are required.</li><li>If you don't receive updates after 3 months or have more questions, contact your insurer or the hospital for assistance.</li></ul></li></ul>At Thomson Medical, the insurance claims process is streamlined for your convenience.The hospital <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/finance/payment-of-hospital-bills" target="_blank">provides e-filing services</a>, submitting claims directly to MediSave, MediShield Life, and Integrated Shield Plan providers on your behalf.This approach reduces paperwork and ensures claims are processed efficiently, allowing you to focus on recovery.<h2>FAQ</h2><h3 class="faq-qns">How much does a knee replacement cost in Singapore?</h3>Knee replacement surgery costs within a range of SGD 6,000 to SGD 60,000 depending on whether you go to a public or private hospital.<h3 class="faq-qns">What affects the total cost of knee replacement surgery?</h3>Different factors such as insurance subsidies, the material of the implant, hospital stay, and more affect the total costs of knee replacement surgery. For a more in-depth breakdown of the costs, please speak directly to your healthcare provider.<h3 class="faq-qns">Which hospital offers knee replacement surgery in Singapore?</h3>Many public and private hospitals offer knee replacement surgery in Singapore. If you have a hospital or doctor in mind, it is better to liaise with them directly if they offer knee replacement surgery.<h3 class="faq-qns">Is knee replacement a big surgery?</h3>Yes, knee replacement is considered a major surgical procedure, as it involves removing damaged bone and cartilage and replacing them with artificial joint components. However, it is a routine procedure with a high success rate.<h3 class="faq-qns">How do I know which subsidies I can qualify for for my knee replacement surgery?</h3>Liaise directly with your insurance provider, your financial advisor, or the hospital to see if you qualify for any government subsidies or if your own personal insurance coverage will help subsidise the cost of your knee replacement surgery.<h3 class="faq-qns">Can I reduce the cost of my knee replacement surgery?</h3>A way you can reduce the cost of your knee replacement surgery is by checking if your personal insurance or MediSave/MediShield Life can cover part of your expenses. Another way to reduce cost is to reduce the length of your hospital stay by undergoing treatment such as ERAS.Disclaimer: The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical or financial advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice on pricing and services, <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/form/medical-concierge-services" target="_blank">contact us</a> at Thomson Medical today.

Planning for knee replacement surgery in Singapore? Discover the average costs at private hospitals and factors affecting pricing.

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Breast lumps during pregnancy are very common. The expectant mother will experience many normal physiological changes ― an increase in breast size, more obvious sweat glands around the nipples, a darkening of the areola ― all of which will prepare her body for breastfeeding.Common non-cancerous variations to breasts include hormonal changes (fibrocystic changes), fibroadenomas, cysts, lipomas, accessory (extra) breast tissue. Pregnancy-related breast cancers make up about 3 per cent of all breast cancers.Whenever a pregnant woman feels a lump, she should see a doctor to get their opinion, keeping in mind that most times it will turn out to be nothing serious!<h2>What the doctor will do</h2>When you see the doctor, she will ask details as to how you detected the lump, how long it has been present and if you have detected any changes, so as to get an idea what the lump is likely to be.Next, the doctor will conduct a breast examination to confirm the presence of the lump, and check for any other symptoms such as skin changes or nipple discharge.Most patients will then be recommended to get an ultrasound scan ― this will give additional information as to whether this lump is benign or cancerous. If there is any concern that the lump may be cancerous, your doctor will advise you as to the pros and cons of having a biopsy, which can be done safely even during pregnancy.“If a pregnant women detects a lump, I would advise them to have a thorough consultation and a physical examination, followed by an ultrasound. If necessary, I would then perform a biopsy.”<h2>Breast cancer screening during pregnancy</h2>A screening checks for cancer even when a patient is feeling well and has absolutely no cancer signs or symptoms. For breast cancer screening, most countries, including Singapore, recommend mammogram screening from age 50 onwards. For women who are at higher risk, this may start at 40. Some specialists will recommend a supplementary ultrasound as well.If a pregnant women detects a lump, I would advise them to have a thorough consultation and a physical examination, followed by an ultrasound. If necessary, I would then perform a biopsy.<h2>Screening methods (Mammograms/Ultrasound)</h2>Ultrasound, the same technology used to monitor the baby during pregnancy, is safe and useful in detecting lumps, and to check if it’s solid or cystic. Most specialists do not use ultrasound as a screening method as the majority of such lumps it detects are not cancerous.A diagnostic ultrasound can still be performed safely on pregnant women to assess their breast lump. If a subsequent biopsy confirms a cancer, she may then need a baseline mammogram, after discussing the pros and cons with her doctor. This is because early stage breast cancer may not form a lump yet, but may attract calcium spots, which can be detected using a mammogram. An abdominal lead apron may be used to reduce the baby’s exposure to radiation.<h2>Breast cancer treatment</h2>If the biopsy shows that the lump is non-cancerous (benign), then it may be left alone.However, if the biopsy shows that it is cancerous, the breast cancer treatment protocols will be modified for the expectant woman. Staging* has to be conducted to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, but only with liver ultrasound and chest X-ray. Depending on which trimester of the pregnancy she is in, the breast surgeon, oncologist and the ob-gyn will discuss what is best for the patient and her baby.Chemotherapy may be administered from the second trimester onwards, followed by surgery after she deliver the baby. As such management of the patient’s treatment is complex, it will involve good multidisciplinary care by experienced doctors.*Staging is a way to describe where the cancer is located, how much the cancer has grown, and if or where it has spread.

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Although common breast changes are normal in pregnancy, finding a lump can be worrying. Learn what are the recommended next steps, and when you should worry.

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Breast Lumps During Pregnancy: What to Expect and Do

“It all started with a persistent pain in the left breast, and I was referred by my General Practitioner for a mammogram and ultrasound. Both the mammogram and ultrasound results showed an abnormal lump, and I was further scheduled for a breast biopsy to determine if the lump was benign or malignant. Questions started to fill my mind. What is breast biopsy and how is it performed? And is it painful?”For many patients, pain is a very common symptom and is the most common complaint that brings them to see a doctor. For a small group, there happens to be an abnormal lump found that needs a biopsy. Most times, pain is not a sign of cancer, and any lumps found may not be the cause of the breast pain you experienced.Some of us may face a similar situation when a lump is detected. It is normal to have many questions. This article aims to address some of your preliminary questions while you arrange for a consult with a professional specialist. It is important to seek timely professional diagnosis and treatment.Here’s what you need to know about a breast biopsy and what to expect.<h2>What is a breast biopsy?</h2>A breast biopsy is a process where a small sample of breast tissue is removed through a special biopsy needle. The tissue samples removed from the breast lump will be further examined under a microscope. Typically, the breast biopsy is performed if there is an abnormality detected from your previous mammograms or breast ultrasounds. The goal of the biopsy is to determine what the abnormality is and the best treatment to move forward with.Although ultrasounds and mammograms are useful ways to identify breast lumps, a breast biopsy is the only way to confirm what the lump is. Breast screening is to be done, even if you are well and have no symptoms at all, and annual mammograms should start from age 40.If you experience any symptoms, please see a doctor for early diagnostic imaging tests:<ul><li>Breast lump</li><li>Changes in the colour or contour of the breast or nipple or dimpling of skin</li><li>Discharge from the nipple</li></ul>Most breast biopsies are quick and painless. Many of the breast lumps may turn out to be benign as there are a variety of conditions that can cause lumps in the breast. However, your doctor will usually want to take precautions and order breast screening tests to rule out early <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/breast-cancer" target="_blank">breast cancer</a>.<h2>How to prepare for a breast biopsy?</h2>Before your breast biopsy, you can prepare by informing your breast surgeon if you:<ul><li>Have any allergies</li><li>Are taking any blood-thinning medications</li><li>Have consumed aspirin in the last seven days</li><li>Not able to lie face down for more than an hour</li></ul>You will likely meet with your specialist prior to the procedure. Your doctor would be able to advise you on the procedure and give you advice such as:<ul><li>What type of breast biopsy procedure will be done?</li><li>What is the location of my biopsy?</li><li>Will a part or all of the lump be extracted?</li><li>Will it leave a scar?</li><li>How soon will I receive my results?</li><li>How soon can I resume normal activities?</li><li>What type of anaesthesia will be used?</li></ul>Make sure to wear a sports bra and loose clothing to have ease in dressing after the procedure. You may also want to have a designated driver or someone to accompany you home safely.<h2>What are the different types of breast biopsies and how are they performed?</h2>Once your breast surgeon decides that a biopsy is needed, they will determine the best type of biopsy for your situation. There are a few breast biopsy procedures to obtain samples of a patient’s breast lumps. Your breast surgeon will recommend based on the location, size, and other characteristics of the breast abnormality.Your breast surgeon will take a tissue sample either through a minimally invasive biopsy procedure or surgery. Minimally invasive procedures are ideal because they offer:<ul><li>Less pain</li><li>Less scarring</li><li>Faster recovery time</li><li>Lower risk of infection</li><li>Lower hospital costs</li><li>Able to return to usual activities quickly</li></ul><h3>Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy</h3>This procedure is performed through ultrasound guidance. An ultrasound is a method that utilises high-frequency sound waves to generate precise images.The breast surgeon will locate the lump within the patient’s breasts using the breast ultrasound device before a small incision is made for the biopsy needle to retrieve tissue samples. With an ultrasound-guided breast biopsy, the breast surgeon can identify <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breastbius" target="_self">lumps near the chest wall or under the arms</a>.It can be used in conjunction with vacuum-assisted core biopsy, core needle biopsy, or fine needle aspiration biopsy. This ultrasound-guided breast biopsy procedure is also more cost-effective than other methods like open surgical biopsy.<h3>Stereotactic biopsy</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/bltdc27a561fa0c5072/6545217008cc0104077ce311/Stereotactic_Biopsy.jpeg?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>With a stereotactic biopsy, a 3D image of the breast is created from the mammogram results. The doctor uses the image to pinpoint the exact location of the suspected breast lump and guides the needle there. The patient will lay <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-biopsy-stereotactic#procedure" target="_self">facing down on a padded biopsy table</a> with one of the breasts positioned in the hole in the table. The patient’s breast will be compressed with two plates while the biopsy site is located using a targeted mammogram. The breast surgeon or radiologist will then create a small incision into the biopsy site and insert a large core needle to remove tissue samples.<h3>RI-guided core needle biopsy</h3>Instead of using an ultrasound device, a biopsy can be performed under the guidance of an MRI. This imaging device captures cross-sectional images of the breast so that the hollow needle can be guided to the site of the breast lump. This procedure can be used with core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted core biopsy, or wire localisation.he different types of breast biopsy vary in terms of how invasive the procedure it can be. Your breast surgeon will advise on the procedure that is the best for you.<h3>Open (surgical) biopsy</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt4155c1fcecc004d3/654521990970dd001bd16e10/Open_(Surgical)_Biopsy.png?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>The breast surgeon will remove part or the entire lump. If the lump is small and deep, a very thin needle and a thin wire will be placed inside the breast before the operation to help guide the breast surgeon.Generally, a surgical biopsy is performed in an operating room usually under general <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia" target="_blank">anaesthesia</a>.<h3>Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology</h3>In this procedure, a thin needle attached to a syringe is inserted into the breast lumps. The syringe will collect the sample of fluid or cells from the lump and small tissue samples are removed. Your doctor will advise if this is suitable for you.<h3>Sentinel node biopsy</h3>This procedure removes the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging/sentinel-node-biopsy-fact-sheet" target="_self">sentinel lymph node</a> or the first node to which cancer cells are most likely to spread. The surgeon uses blue dye or a radioactive tracer to identify the node. Then, the node is removed and tested for cancer. Cancer could have spread to other lymph nodes if the sentinel node tests positive. However, if it is negative, the likelihood of cancer spreading to other lymph nodes is lower.<h3>Vacuum-assisted core biopsy</h3>This procedure is performed with an ultrasound or mammogram unit and can be seen as an upgraded form of the core needle biopsy. Like the core biopsy, a larger needle is used and allows for several tissue samples to be taken at one time.A probe or hollow tube is inserted into a cut made on the skin. Then, a vacuum-assisted device is used to pull the tissue into the needle while a rotating cutting device takes the sample. Using a suction device is beneficial because it can get more cells and fluid through the needle, which cuts down on the number of times the needle will need to be inserted to retrieve multiple samples.<h2>Benefits and risks of breast biopsy</h2>Before proceeding with breast biopsy procedures, you may want to discuss with the breast surgeon and weigh the benefits and risks to determine the suitable procedure that is right for you. Fortunately, most procedures are less invasive compared to surgical biopsy and some will leave minimal to no scarring. The biopsy results will indicate whether the breast lump is malignant or benign which would either allow you to rest easy or quickly get the treatment that you need.Although these procedures are generally safe, there are some risks involved. Possible complications that can incur from a breast biopsy include:<ul><li>Mild pain and bruising</li><li>Infection</li><li>Prolonged bleeding</li><li>Soreness at the biopsy site</li></ul>Many of these side effects are simply temporary. However, if they persist, contact your <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-a-doctor/breast-surgeon-singapore" target="_blank">breast surgeon</a> for treatment. Generally, following the aftercare instructions will greatly reduce these risks and limit the odds of infection.<h2>FAQ</h2><h3>Why is a breast biopsy done?</h3>A breast biopsy can be done for several reasons:<ul><li>To identify any lumps in your breast</li><li>To check for the potential causes of any nipple problems such as bloody discharge</li><li>To evaluate whether the breast lump or breast mass is cancerous or non-cancerous.</li><li>To check the severity of a problem seen from the breast imaging results, such as a fluid-filled cyst or calcium deposits in breast tissue (microcalcifications)</li></ul><h3>How often are breast biopsies positive for cancer?</h3>&gt; 80% of the patients who undergo the biopsy procedure do not have cancer, while only &lt; 20% of breast biopsies are malignant. When the results are negative, the breast lump is benign.<h3>Does a breast biopsy hurt?</h3>The breast surgeon may use local anaesthesia to help numb the biopsy area during the procedure. It may be slightly uncomfortable, but most patients describe it as tolerable. Once the site is numb from the local anaesthetic, one should only feel pressure but no pain from the biopsy.Typically, only local anaesthesia is required. However, general anaesthesia may be used in severe cases, meaning the entire body is numbed.<h3>How long does it take to recover from breast biopsy?</h3>Biopsy procedures do not cause significant pain to your body. However, you may experience some bruising, tenderness, or soreness for a few days after the biopsy procedure. Patients can take non-aspirin pain relievers that contain acetaminophen and apply cold packs to help ease the pain and discomfort. However, it can take longer to recover from surgical removal procedures when compared to nonsurgical procedures.With all breast biopsy procedures, except for the surgical biopsy, you will be able to go home without a patient caregiver. You will likely have bandages and a cold pack over the biopsy site. Most patients can resume usual activities within a day after the procedure.Tell your breast surgeon if you notice the following problems after the biopsy:<ul><li>Pain that gets worse</li><li>Chills or fever</li><li>Swelling, redness, drainage, or bleeding</li></ul><h3>How soon should you expect to receive your breast biopsy results?</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt3ce74f2f0f705f43/654521d254447604077cfdc6/Breast_Biopsy.jpeg?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>Once the procedure is done, the breast tissue samples are sent to the lab. A pathologist will evaluate the samples using specialised tools and then create a report to send to the breast surgeon, who will share the results with you.Generally, it takes a few days before the results are ready. However, it can take as long as two weeks before the test results are available if the lab needs more time to process your specimen.Sometimes a clear diagnosis is not possible based on the sample given. In this scenario, you may need another biopsy performed so that the breast surgeon can obtain more breast tissue for further evaluation.The results will share details about the consistency and size of the breast tissue samples, the location of the biopsy site, and whether there are cancer cells present. If it is malignant, the report will detail the type of breast cancer you have. Based on the findings, your breast surgeon will advise on the next steps for treatment.<h2>Book Your Appointment at Thomson Breast Centre</h2>Prevention is always better than cure! Our clinical team at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/breast" target="_blank">Thomson Breast Centre</a> offers different services for all <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/breast-screening-mammogram-ultrasound" target="_blank">breast screening</a> needs with the assurance that you will be well taken care of. It is important to detect signs of breast cancer early. The sooner it is detected, the faster the treatment can start. At Thomson Medical, our doctors will evaluate the lump and provide the appropriate tests for diagnosis.Most patients start with a specialist consultation for a personalised clinical breast assessment. We offer a wide range of biopsy procedures, from minimally invasive removal to more advanced surgical options if a biopsy is needed. Book a specialist consultation with Thomson Breast Centre and start your breast health journey today.

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Worried about a breast lump? Don't panic. A breast biopsy is a simple procedure that can help determine if the lump is benign or malignant. Learn more about the process and what to expect from this article.

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Everything You Need to Know About Breast Biopsy

Just as there are skin issues that arise during pregnancy, skin conditions can also develop after you give birth. Fortunately, they are largely treatable, so there is no need to fret – your postpartum skin and hair will bounce back in no time. We take a look at some of the most common conditions.<h2>Acne</h2>Caused by an inflammation in the facial oil glands, acne may be aggravated by hormonal changes. Most of the time, acne clears within a few weeks or months, but medical treatment should be sought to prevent the risk of scarring. There are many topical agents that can be safely used even when breastfeeding. In more severe cases, oral medications such as antibiotics may be required.<h2>Melasma</h2>Also known as “the mask of pregnancy”, this pigmentation condition is due to increased melanin production and is caused by a combination of genetic and hormonal factors, as well as sun exposure. It tends to affect Asian skin more, appearing as brownish patches over the cheeks, forehead, temples, nasal bridge, upper lips and jawline.It is best controlled by avoiding the sun and with regular use of sunscreen, lightening creams and topical agents, although it can persist in some cases. Other treatments include chemical peeling, intense pulsed light therapy and certain forms of laser therapy. Inform your doctor if you are breastfeeding – certain ingredients such as tretinoin and hydroquinone that can be found in some skincare products should be avoided by breastfeeding mums.<h2>Dermatitis/eczema</h2>Eczema or dermatitis is a relatively common yet noninfectious condition, so it will not spread to your baby. Often it is an aggravation of an underlying sensitive skin condition that has been present for some time. For new mothers, it can also develop as a result of excessive water contact due to frequent handwashing.Use moisturiser regularly to soothe inflamed and itchy skin. Topical steroid creams are prescribed to calm inflamed skin and are safe to use even when breastfeeding. Use a gentle soap substitute and continue to moisturise even after the skin rash has settled.<h2>Stretchmarks</h2>Affecting at least 90 percent of pregnant women, stretchmarks are a form of scarring that appear red when fresh, but most will fade to white after delivery. During pregnancy, intensive use of moisturisers may help the condition, and there are specially formulated stretchmark creams on the market that you can continue using after delivery. For more severe cases, dermatologists may prescribe tretinoin cream to use postpartum when you are not breastfeeding. Some skin-tightening laser treatments are safe options to remove stretchmarks even if you are breastfeeding, but these usually require multiple sessions.<h2>Telogen effluvium</h2>This condition results in hair fall that usually occurs about three months after delivery. Though increased hair fall can be distressing to new mothers, it is almost always a self-limiting condition, and you will usually recover within six months. If you notice increased hair fall, consult a doctor to exclude other causes of hair loss (such as low iron levels). Topical medications can be used if you are not breastfeeding.

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Postpartum skin problems like acne, melasma, and stretch marks are common but temporary. Learn how to relieve and prevent the 5 most frequent postpartum skin woes.

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The 5 Most Common Postpartum Skin Issues and How to Treat Them