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Thomson Specialists

Thomson Medical offers convenient access to comprehensive specialist outpatient and surgical care for women, children, and families through Thomson Specialists. Our team is dedicated to addressing your unique needs and providing tailored treatment options. Take control of your health today by booking an appointment at any of our Thomson Specialists clinics and embark on a journey towards improved well-being.

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Thomson Women's Clinic

At Thomson Women’s Clinics, we are committed to providing modern and comprehensive care for women of all ages. Our experienced team of O&amp;G specialists is dedicated to creating a caring environment where your health and well-being are our top priorities. Our specialists provide specialised services on preventive measures, accurate diagnosis, and personalised treatment plans.Whether you need specialised care for women-related conditions or navigating the journey of childbirth, seeking support for family planning and fertility treatments, or requiring compassionate care through menopause, we are here for you.

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Specialists in Women’s Health

We understand that managing your health appointments around work and family commitments can be challenging. For your convenience, we provides women's health consultations beyond standard hours at multiple locations across Singapore.Extended Hours LocationsWhile all 12 of our women's health clinics operate during standard clinic hours, the following locations offer extended consultation times:Northeast<ul><li>Woodleigh: Thursday, 6pm - 9pm</li><li>Sengkang: Tuesday &amp; Friday, 5:30pm - 7:00pm</li><li>Punggol: Tuesday, Thursday &amp; Friday, 12pm - 8pm</li></ul>East<ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Tampines: Monday, 7pm - 9pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Katong: Wednesday, 10am - 8pm</li></ul>West<ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Jurong: Monday &amp; Thursday, 6pm - 9pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Bukit Batok: Monday, Thursday &amp; Friday, 6pm - 8:30pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Choa Chu Kang: Monday, 6pm - 8pm</li></ul>Thomson Medical is committed to providing accessible healthcare that fits your schedule.

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Thomson Women’s Clinic

Thomson Paediatric Centre

At Thomson Paediatric Centres, our unwavering commitment is to treat your child with the same level of care and dedication as we would our own. We provide children's healthcare services to alleviate every parent's concerns and ensure the well-being of our next generation. Our experienced team of Paediatricians is devoted to cultivating a caring environment where your child's health is our top priority.Besides General Paediatrics services, we also offer specialised services in Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology. Our specialist doctors are experienced in areas such as Nutrition, Respiratory, Growth &amp; Development assessment, and Paediatric Urgent Care for babies to young children and adolescents. Trust us to be your partner in safeguarding your child's health and ensuring a compassionate and comprehensive approach to their medical needs.

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Our Paediatricians

Please click on the below links for our Paediatricians' availabilities.
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 <td>Paediatricians</td>
 <td>Clinic Location</td>
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 <td>Dr Ang Ai Tin</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/XcyrrQBgEW35Rw3f6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 1)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Eugene Han</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/odint8UJmba6RBPbA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 4)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Grace Lim</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/obLpwmEFumMjMzRz8" target="_blank">Thomson Specialists (Woodleigh)</a> </td>
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 <td>Dr Kenneth Chua Yong Yeow</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/Kp3TYWxzLXkfkkPYA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Punggol)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Leo Deng Jin</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/NVzfb9zvkUMvvNxN8" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Bukit Panjang)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Lim Yang Chern</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/7Ex6ra4NmwHQUopS6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Jurong)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Ong Ian</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/78WJoj482r35Af7T9" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Parkway Parade)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Tan Kuanyang</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/odint8UJmba6RBPbA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 4)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Yang Linqi</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/XcyrrQBgEW35Rw3f6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 1)</a></td>
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Refer to each paediatrician's <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/paediatric-centre/paediatricians-consultation-hours">consultation hours</a> for their availability.

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Latest share price, financial performance, and other materials relevant to investors.Read about our <a href="https://assets.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt5a13f1dd33c615fa/651e7a9aecf48b6d54c38b23/TMG-Investor-Relations-Policy-3Sep2020.pdf?branch=uat_release_3" target="_self">Investor Relations Policy</a>For Investor Relations matters, please email us at <a href="mailto:ir@thomsonmedical.com">ir@thomsonmedical.com</a> Thomson Medical Group Limited 101 Thomson Road #20-04/05, United Square Singapore 307591 Tel: +65 6331 0188 Fax: +65 6331 0180

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<table><tbody><tr><td>Stock symbol</td><td>A50.SI</td></tr><tr><td>Listing</td><td>Singapore Exchange </td></tr><tr><td>Financial Year End</td><td>June 30</td></tr><tr><td>Total issued shares as at 30 June 2023</td><td>26,441,066,807 ordinary shares</td></tr><tr><td>Market capitalisation as at 30 June 2023</td><td>S$1.6 billion</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Vaginal Cysts or Vaginal Lumps: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatments

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Thomson Specialists (Women's Health)<ul><li>Paragon (female doctor): <a href="tel:+6567350300" target="_self">6735 0300</a></li><li><a href="https://wa.me/6586840153"></a>Woodleigh: <a href="tel:+6562801000" target="_self">6280 1000</a> (Call), <a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send/?phone=6586840153&text=I+was+browsing+the+Thomson+Medical+website+and+would+like+to+make+an+enquiry.&type=phone_number&app_absent=0" target="_self">8684 0153</a> (WA)</li></ul>Thomson Women's Clinic (TWC)<ul><li><a href="tel:+6565690668"></a>Bukit Batok: <a href="tel:+6565690668" target="_self">6569 0668</a> (Call), <a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send/?phone=6586863525&text=I+was+browsing+the+Thomson+Medical+website+and+would+like+to+make+an+enquiry.&type=phone_number&app_absent=0" target="_self">8686 3525</a> (WA)</li><li>Choa Chu Kang: <a href="tel:+6568931227">6893 1227</a></li><li>Jurong: <a href="tel:+6562628588">6262 8588</a></li><li>Katong (female doctor): <a href="tel:+6569702272" target="_self">6970 2272</a></li><li>Punggol: <a href="tel:+6562436843">6243 6843</a></li><li>Sembawang: <a href="tel:+6567535228">6753 5228</a></li><li>Sengkang: <a href="tel:+6563888125">6388 8125</a></li><li>Serangoon (female doctor): <a href="tel:+6563823313">6382 3313</a></li><li>Tampines: <a href="tel:+6568576266">6857 6266</a></li><li>Tiong Bahru: <a href="tel:+6562761525">6276 1525</a></li></ul>

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Gynaecology

<h2>What is a vaginal cyst?&nbsp;</h2>Vaginal cysts are fluid-filled lumps that form under the skin in the vaginal area. These cysts can be as small as a pea or as large as an orange. Vaginal cysts typically do not cause pain unless they become inflamed or infected.One of the most common types of vaginal cysts is Bartholin's cyst, a small fluid-filled lump that forms when the Bartholin’s glands, which produce lubricating vaginal fluid, become blocked. These types of cysts usually develop on one side of the vaginal opening and are common among people of childbearing age. They are almost always benign and sometimes only discovered during a medical exam. Bartholin cysts often resolve on their own within a few weeks without treatment. However, if the cysts become infected, antibiotics or drainage may be necessary.However, a Bartholin’s cyst can sometimes become infected, forming a Bartholin abscess, which is filled with pus, more firm, painful, and can interfere with daily activities.<h2>What is a vaginal acne?&nbsp;</h2>Vaginal acne, or vaginal pimples, is similar to pimples on other parts of the body, usually showing up as small, red bumps with a white tip. Anyone can experience having a pimple on the vagina area from time to time.While cysts and acne can appear similar, they differ in cause and appearance. A cyst is usually painless, does not change the colour of the surrounding skin, and contains clear fluid unless it becomes infected. In contrast, acne is a painful, red or discoloured bump filled with pus, like a typical pimple.&nbsp;<h2>What causes vaginal bumps?</h2>Vaginal bumps can be either cysts or pimples, and they are caused by a variety of factors that can affect the vaginal area. These include:&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align: justify;">1. Poor hygiene&nbsp;</h4>Dirt, sweat, and bacteria can build up inside a pore.<h4 style="text-align: justify;">2. Ingrown hairs</h4>Commonly caused by shaving, waxing, or plucking pubic hair.<h4 style="text-align: justify;">3. Tight clothing</h4>Can cause irritation and block pores.<h4 style="text-align: justify;">4. Vulvar cysts</h4>Includes Bartholin’s gland cysts.<h4 style="text-align: justify;">5. Genital warts (HPV)</h4>Caused by Human papillomavirus.<h4 style="text-align: justify;">6. Genital herpes (HSV)</h4>Caused by Herpes simplex virus.<h4 style="text-align: justify;">7. Gartner duct cyst</h4>A congenital cyst which is often detected during routine checkups.<h4 style="text-align: justify;">8. Müllerian cyst</h4>From leftover embryonic material, can be asymptomatic or cause vaginal bleeding or urinary issues later in life.<h4 style="text-align: justify;">9. Inclusion cyst</h4>Develops on the back of the vaginal wall, usually from injury during surgery or childbirth.<h4 style="text-align: justify;">10. Sebaceous cyst</h4>Formed from blocked sebaceous glands.Vaginal cysts can develop due to ingrown hairs, creating fluid-filled sacs under the skin, often appearing as lumps with visible hair. Factors like friction, sweat, bodily fluids, and inflamed hair follicles (folliculitis) can lead to vaginal acne.<h2>What causes Bartholin’s cyst?</h2>The exact reason for the blockage of Bartholin’s gland is unclear, but possible causes include:<ul><li style="text-align: left;">Long-term irritation</li><li>Injury to the area, including after childbirth with or without an episiotomy</li><li>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like gonorrhoea or chlamydia</li><li>Bacterial infections like E. coli</li></ul><h2>What are the risk factors of Bartholin’s cyst?</h2>Risk factors for developing a Bartholin’s gland cyst include:<ul><li>Being in the reproductive age group</li><li>Having experienced trauma or injury to the area</li><li>Having a history of Bartholin’s cysts</li><li>Having been exposed to a sexually transmitted infection (STI)</li></ul><h2>What are the symptoms of vaginal cysts?</h2>To know if a cyst is infected or inflamed, look for the following signs:&nbsp;<ul><li>Redness, tenderness, or soreness in the surrounding skin</li><li>Warmth over the affected area</li><li>Grayish-white, cheesy, foul-smelling material draining from the cyst</li><li>Swelling and increase in size</li><li>Large cyst causing one side of the labia majora (the outer skin folds protecting the vagina) to hang lower than the other</li><li>Fever and chills in some individuals</li></ul>If infected cysts go untreated, the infection can spread to other body parts or organs, or enter your bloodstream, leading to septicemia.<h2>How to treat vaginal bumps?</h2>Treatment options for vaginal bumps include:&nbsp;<ul><li>Maintain good hygiene and treat the underlying condition</li><li>Use oral antibiotics</li><li>Take oral antiviral drugs for STIs, HPV genital warts, or genital herpes</li><li>Apply Imiquimod cream for genital herpes or HPV genital warts</li><li>Apply warm compresses</li><li>Take sitz baths</li><li>Avoid skin irritation from friction or irritants</li></ul><h2>How to treat Bartholin’s abscess?</h2>If you think you have a Bartholin’s abscess, it’s important to have a physical examination, as it typically requires medical treatment and a pelvic exam. The abscess usually needs to be surgically drained under local or general anaesthesia.&nbsp;The doctor will make an incision, insert a catheter to drain the fluid, and remove the catheter once the abscess heals. Antibiotics may also be needed.&nbsp;If the abscess recurs, the doctor might suggest marsupialization (a procedure where your doctor will stitch the incision open to allow for maximum drainage) or, in persistent cases, removal of the Bartholin’s glands.<h2>Prevention for vaginal bumps</h2><h3>How to prevent vaginal acne?</h3>Consider the following steps to prevent pimples on the vagina:<ul><li>Wear clean, cotton underwear</li><li>Avoid clothing that is too tight or rubs against your genital area</li><li>Practice good hygiene by showering after exercise and changing out of sweaty clothes promptly</li><li>Change menstrual products frequently during your period</li><li>Trim your pubic hair instead of shaving</li></ul><h3>How to prevent Bartholin’s cyst?&nbsp;</h3>There is no guaranteed way to prevent Bartholin’s cyst formation. However, you can still try:<ul><li>Maintain good hygiene practices.</li><li>Wash the vaginal area with warm water.</li><li>Wear loose-fitting underwear and clothing.</li><li>Avoid using vaginal perfumes and powders.</li><li>Practice safer sexual activity to reduce the risk of infection or inflammation.</li></ul><h2>FAQs</h2><h3 style="text-align: justify;">Can I squeeze or pop the vaginal cysts?</h3>Vaginal cysts typically go away on their own. It is advisable not to squeeze or pop the vaginal cysts yourself as this can worsen the condition and lead to infection.<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Can I get Bartholin’s cysts if I shave?</h3>Yes, shaving can potentially lead to Bartholin’s cysts. Excessive grooming of pubic hair can irritate or infect the skin in the genital area, causing inflammation of the Bartholin’s gland. It's best to avoid excessive shaving and maintain good hygiene in your genital area.<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Can I have Bartholin’s cyst if I am a virgin?</h3>Yes, a Bartholin’s cyst can occur in virgin women. It is caused by the obstruction of Bartholin's gland, leading to a fluid buildup, and does not require sexual intercourse to develop.<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Are vaginal cysts benign?&nbsp;</h3>Vaginal cysts are usually benign and not harmful, although they can sometimes be cancerous. These cysts typically occur in women of childbearing age but can also appear after menopause.Postmenopausal individuals should have any vaginal lumps checked and biopsied to rule out cancer.<h3 style="text-align: justify;">How to manage a vaginal cyst by yourself?</h3>If you're feeling uncomfortable, you can try a warm compress by applying a clean cotton cloth soaked in warm water to the affected area.&nbsp;Taking a sitz bath for 10-15 minutes several times a day for 3-4 days is also advisable, as it may help the cyst burst and drain on its own. If you're experiencing pain, over-the-counter painkillers can help ease your discomfort.<h3 style="text-align: justify;">What happens if a Bartholin cyst bursts?</h3>If a Bartholin cyst bursts, it might heal on its own within a few days. However, to prevent the infection from spreading, it is recommended to visit a doctor. The doctor will likely advise soaking the labia in warm water (sitz bath) and may prescribe antibiotics and pain medications.

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Dr Geetha Visvalingam is a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/women-clinic">Thomson Women's Clinic</a> (Katong Branch). She specialises in general <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/speciality/obstetrics-gynaecology">obstetrics and gynaecology</a> and provides services including <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/pregnancy/antenatal">antenatal</a> and <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/postnatal">postnatal care</a>, early pregnancy care and management of various gynaecological conditions conditions such as PCOS, endometriosis,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/ovarian-cysts">ovarian cysts</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/fibroids">uterine fibroids</a>, menstrual disorders and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/heavy-menses-menorrhagia">heavy menstrual bleeding</a>. Dr Geetha also provides family planning services, contraceptive counselling,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/menopause-treatments">menopause management</a>&nbsp;and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening for women and their partners.Dr Geetha completed her medical training at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, where she obtained her MB BCh BAO BA in 2004. She then completed her basic specialist training in obstetrics and gynaecology in Dublin, Ireland and her advanced specialist training at the KK Women's and Children's Hospital in Singapore. Dr Geetha became a Member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (MRCOG) in the UK in 2010 and obtained Fellowship from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (FRCOG) in the UK in 2024.Prior to joining Thomson Women's Clinic, Dr Geetha was a member of the Department of General Obstetrics and Gynaecology at KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), where she developed a special interest in sexually transmitted infections (STIs). She went on to head the STI clinic, where she significantly improved operations by establishing streamlined referral processes, workflow pathways for STI results management, and the creation of patient information leaflets.Dr Geetha has a strong commitment to education and mentoring. She has held clinical teaching positions at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and as an adjunct instructor at Duke-NUS Medical School. Dr Geetha has been actively involved in training and mentoring junior doctors and senior residents, as well as working on quality improvement projects to enhance patient care.&nbsp;She has also contributed to research and publications in the course of her career.She was also involved in the establishment of the Rapid Response Team workflow in the O&amp;G wards at KKH, which was successfully implemented with quarterly multidisciplinary meetings. Her contributions have been recognised through numerous awards, including the Gold award for the Singapore Health Quality Service Awards in 2022 and the Star award in 2025, the 10 Years Long Service Award from KKH and SingHealth in 2023, and the Covid-19 Resilience Medal in 2023.Dr Geetha Visvalingam is accredited to perform surgical procedures at the Thomson Medical Centre.

Dr Geetha Visvalingam

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Everything you need to know about vaginal cysts or vaginal lumps, vaginal acne, and Bartholin’s cyst. Read more to find out about the symptoms and treatments.

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Breast lumps during pregnancy are very common. The expectant mother will experience many normal physiological changes ― an increase in breast size, more obvious sweat glands around the nipples, a darkening of the areola ― all of which will prepare her body for breastfeeding.Common non-cancerous variations to breasts include hormonal changes (fibrocystic changes), fibroadenomas, cysts, lipomas, accessory (extra) breast tissue. Pregnancy-related breast cancers make up about 3 per cent of all breast cancers.Whenever a pregnant woman feels a lump, she should see a doctor to get their opinion, keeping in mind that most times it will turn out to be nothing serious!<h2>What the doctor will do</h2>When you see the doctor, she will ask details as to how you detected the lump, how long it has been present and if you have detected any changes, so as to get an idea what the lump is likely to be.Next, the doctor will conduct a breast examination to confirm the presence of the lump, and check for any other symptoms such as skin changes or nipple discharge.Most patients will then be recommended to get an ultrasound scan ― this will give additional information as to whether this lump is benign or cancerous. If there is any concern that the lump may be cancerous, your doctor will advise you as to the pros and cons of having a biopsy, which can be done safely even during pregnancy.“If a pregnant women detects a lump, I would advise them to have a thorough consultation and a physical examination, followed by an ultrasound. If necessary, I would then perform a biopsy.”<h2>Breast cancer screening during pregnancy</h2>A screening checks for cancer even when a patient is feeling well and has absolutely no cancer signs or symptoms. For breast cancer screening, most countries, including Singapore, recommend mammogram screening from age 50 onwards. For women who are at higher risk, this may start at 40. Some specialists will recommend a supplementary ultrasound as well.If a pregnant women detects a lump, I would advise them to have a thorough consultation and a physical examination, followed by an ultrasound. If necessary, I would then perform a biopsy.<h2>Screening methods (Mammograms/Ultrasound)</h2>Ultrasound, the same technology used to monitor the baby during pregnancy, is safe and useful in detecting lumps, and to check if it’s solid or cystic. Most specialists do not use ultrasound as a screening method as the majority of such lumps it detects are not cancerous.A diagnostic ultrasound can still be performed safely on pregnant women to assess their breast lump. If a subsequent biopsy confirms a cancer, she may then need a baseline mammogram, after discussing the pros and cons with her doctor. This is because early stage breast cancer may not form a lump yet, but may attract calcium spots, which can be detected using a mammogram. An abdominal lead apron may be used to reduce the baby’s exposure to radiation.<h2>Breast cancer treatment</h2>If the biopsy shows that the lump is non-cancerous (benign), then it may be left alone.However, if the biopsy shows that it is cancerous, the breast cancer treatment protocols will be modified for the expectant woman. Staging* has to be conducted to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, but only with liver ultrasound and chest X-ray. Depending on which trimester of the pregnancy she is in, the breast surgeon, oncologist and the ob-gyn will discuss what is best for the patient and her baby.Chemotherapy may be administered from the second trimester onwards, followed by surgery after she deliver the baby. As such management of the patient’s treatment is complex, it will involve good multidisciplinary care by experienced doctors.*Staging is a way to describe where the cancer is located, how much the cancer has grown, and if or where it has spread.

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Although common breast changes are normal in pregnancy, finding a lump can be worrying. Learn what are the recommended next steps, and when you should worry.

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Breast Lumps During Pregnancy: What to Expect and Do

“It all started with a persistent pain in the left breast, and I was referred by my General Practitioner for a mammogram and ultrasound. Both the mammogram and ultrasound results showed an abnormal lump, and I was further scheduled for a breast biopsy to determine if the lump was benign or malignant. Questions started to fill my mind. What is breast biopsy and how is it performed? And is it painful?”For many patients, pain is a very common symptom and is the most common complaint that brings them to see a doctor. For a small group, there happens to be an abnormal lump found that needs a biopsy. Most times, pain is not a sign of cancer, and any lumps found may not be the cause of the breast pain you experienced.Some of us may face a similar situation when a lump is detected. It is normal to have many questions. This article aims to address some of your preliminary questions while you arrange for a consult with a professional specialist. It is important to seek timely professional diagnosis and treatment.Here’s what you need to know about a breast biopsy and what to expect.<h2>What is a breast biopsy?</h2>A breast biopsy is a process where a small sample of breast tissue is removed through a special biopsy needle. The tissue samples removed from the breast lump will be further examined under a microscope. Typically, the breast biopsy is performed if there is an abnormality detected from your previous mammograms or breast ultrasounds. The goal of the biopsy is to determine what the abnormality is and the best treatment to move forward with.Although ultrasounds and mammograms are useful ways to identify breast lumps, a breast biopsy is the only way to confirm what the lump is. Breast screening is to be done, even if you are well and have no symptoms at all, and annual mammograms should start from age 40.If you experience any symptoms, please see a doctor for early diagnostic imaging tests:<ul><li>Breast lump</li><li>Changes in the colour or contour of the breast or nipple or dimpling of skin</li><li>Discharge from the nipple</li></ul>Most breast biopsies are quick and painless. Many of the breast lumps may turn out to be benign as there are a variety of conditions that can cause lumps in the breast. However, your doctor will usually want to take precautions and order breast screening tests to rule out early <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/breast-cancer" target="_blank">breast cancer</a>.<h2>How to prepare for a breast biopsy?</h2>Before your breast biopsy, you can prepare by informing your breast surgeon if you:<ul><li>Have any allergies</li><li>Are taking any blood-thinning medications</li><li>Have consumed aspirin in the last seven days</li><li>Not able to lie face down for more than an hour</li></ul>You will likely meet with your specialist prior to the procedure. Your doctor would be able to advise you on the procedure and give you advice such as:<ul><li>What type of breast biopsy procedure will be done?</li><li>What is the location of my biopsy?</li><li>Will a part or all of the lump be extracted?</li><li>Will it leave a scar?</li><li>How soon will I receive my results?</li><li>How soon can I resume normal activities?</li><li>What type of anaesthesia will be used?</li></ul>Make sure to wear a sports bra and loose clothing to have ease in dressing after the procedure. You may also want to have a designated driver or someone to accompany you home safely.<h2>What are the different types of breast biopsies and how are they performed?</h2>Once your breast surgeon decides that a biopsy is needed, they will determine the best type of biopsy for your situation. There are a few breast biopsy procedures to obtain samples of a patient’s breast lumps. Your breast surgeon will recommend based on the location, size, and other characteristics of the breast abnormality.Your breast surgeon will take a tissue sample either through a minimally invasive biopsy procedure or surgery. Minimally invasive procedures are ideal because they offer:<ul><li>Less pain</li><li>Less scarring</li><li>Faster recovery time</li><li>Lower risk of infection</li><li>Lower hospital costs</li><li>Able to return to usual activities quickly</li></ul><h3>Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy</h3>This procedure is performed through ultrasound guidance. An ultrasound is a method that utilises high-frequency sound waves to generate precise images.The breast surgeon will locate the lump within the patient’s breasts using the breast ultrasound device before a small incision is made for the biopsy needle to retrieve tissue samples. With an ultrasound-guided breast biopsy, the breast surgeon can identify <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breastbius" target="_self">lumps near the chest wall or under the arms</a>.It can be used in conjunction with vacuum-assisted core biopsy, core needle biopsy, or fine needle aspiration biopsy. This ultrasound-guided breast biopsy procedure is also more cost-effective than other methods like open surgical biopsy.<h3>Stereotactic biopsy</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/bltdc27a561fa0c5072/6545217008cc0104077ce311/Stereotactic_Biopsy.jpeg?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>With a stereotactic biopsy, a 3D image of the breast is created from the mammogram results. The doctor uses the image to pinpoint the exact location of the suspected breast lump and guides the needle there. The patient will lay <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-biopsy-stereotactic#procedure" target="_self">facing down on a padded biopsy table</a> with one of the breasts positioned in the hole in the table. The patient’s breast will be compressed with two plates while the biopsy site is located using a targeted mammogram. The breast surgeon or radiologist will then create a small incision into the biopsy site and insert a large core needle to remove tissue samples.<h3>RI-guided core needle biopsy</h3>Instead of using an ultrasound device, a biopsy can be performed under the guidance of an MRI. This imaging device captures cross-sectional images of the breast so that the hollow needle can be guided to the site of the breast lump. This procedure can be used with core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted core biopsy, or wire localisation.he different types of breast biopsy vary in terms of how invasive the procedure it can be. Your breast surgeon will advise on the procedure that is the best for you.<h3>Open (surgical) biopsy</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt4155c1fcecc004d3/654521990970dd001bd16e10/Open_(Surgical)_Biopsy.png?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>The breast surgeon will remove part or the entire lump. If the lump is small and deep, a very thin needle and a thin wire will be placed inside the breast before the operation to help guide the breast surgeon.Generally, a surgical biopsy is performed in an operating room usually under general <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia" target="_blank">anaesthesia</a>.<h3>Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology</h3>In this procedure, a thin needle attached to a syringe is inserted into the breast lumps. The syringe will collect the sample of fluid or cells from the lump and small tissue samples are removed. Your doctor will advise if this is suitable for you.<h3>Sentinel node biopsy</h3>This procedure removes the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging/sentinel-node-biopsy-fact-sheet" target="_self">sentinel lymph node</a> or the first node to which cancer cells are most likely to spread. The surgeon uses blue dye or a radioactive tracer to identify the node. Then, the node is removed and tested for cancer. Cancer could have spread to other lymph nodes if the sentinel node tests positive. However, if it is negative, the likelihood of cancer spreading to other lymph nodes is lower.<h3>Vacuum-assisted core biopsy</h3>This procedure is performed with an ultrasound or mammogram unit and can be seen as an upgraded form of the core needle biopsy. Like the core biopsy, a larger needle is used and allows for several tissue samples to be taken at one time.A probe or hollow tube is inserted into a cut made on the skin. Then, a vacuum-assisted device is used to pull the tissue into the needle while a rotating cutting device takes the sample. Using a suction device is beneficial because it can get more cells and fluid through the needle, which cuts down on the number of times the needle will need to be inserted to retrieve multiple samples.<h2>Benefits and risks of breast biopsy</h2>Before proceeding with breast biopsy procedures, you may want to discuss with the breast surgeon and weigh the benefits and risks to determine the suitable procedure that is right for you. Fortunately, most procedures are less invasive compared to surgical biopsy and some will leave minimal to no scarring. The biopsy results will indicate whether the breast lump is malignant or benign which would either allow you to rest easy or quickly get the treatment that you need.Although these procedures are generally safe, there are some risks involved. Possible complications that can incur from a breast biopsy include:<ul><li>Mild pain and bruising</li><li>Infection</li><li>Prolonged bleeding</li><li>Soreness at the biopsy site</li></ul>Many of these side effects are simply temporary. However, if they persist, contact your <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-a-doctor/breast-surgeon-singapore" target="_blank">breast surgeon</a> for treatment. Generally, following the aftercare instructions will greatly reduce these risks and limit the odds of infection.<h2>FAQ</h2><h3>Why is a breast biopsy done?</h3>A breast biopsy can be done for several reasons:<ul><li>To identify any lumps in your breast</li><li>To check for the potential causes of any nipple problems such as bloody discharge</li><li>To evaluate whether the breast lump or breast mass is cancerous or non-cancerous.</li><li>To check the severity of a problem seen from the breast imaging results, such as a fluid-filled cyst or calcium deposits in breast tissue (microcalcifications)</li></ul><h3>How often are breast biopsies positive for cancer?</h3>&gt; 80% of the patients who undergo the biopsy procedure do not have cancer, while only &lt; 20% of breast biopsies are malignant. When the results are negative, the breast lump is benign.<h3>Does a breast biopsy hurt?</h3>The breast surgeon may use local anaesthesia to help numb the biopsy area during the procedure. It may be slightly uncomfortable, but most patients describe it as tolerable. Once the site is numb from the local anaesthetic, one should only feel pressure but no pain from the biopsy.Typically, only local anaesthesia is required. However, general anaesthesia may be used in severe cases, meaning the entire body is numbed.<h3>How long does it take to recover from breast biopsy?</h3>Biopsy procedures do not cause significant pain to your body. However, you may experience some bruising, tenderness, or soreness for a few days after the biopsy procedure. Patients can take non-aspirin pain relievers that contain acetaminophen and apply cold packs to help ease the pain and discomfort. However, it can take longer to recover from surgical removal procedures when compared to nonsurgical procedures.With all breast biopsy procedures, except for the surgical biopsy, you will be able to go home without a patient caregiver. You will likely have bandages and a cold pack over the biopsy site. Most patients can resume usual activities within a day after the procedure.Tell your breast surgeon if you notice the following problems after the biopsy:<ul><li>Pain that gets worse</li><li>Chills or fever</li><li>Swelling, redness, drainage, or bleeding</li></ul><h3>How soon should you expect to receive your breast biopsy results?</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt3ce74f2f0f705f43/654521d254447604077cfdc6/Breast_Biopsy.jpeg?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>Once the procedure is done, the breast tissue samples are sent to the lab. A pathologist will evaluate the samples using specialised tools and then create a report to send to the breast surgeon, who will share the results with you.Generally, it takes a few days before the results are ready. However, it can take as long as two weeks before the test results are available if the lab needs more time to process your specimen.Sometimes a clear diagnosis is not possible based on the sample given. In this scenario, you may need another biopsy performed so that the breast surgeon can obtain more breast tissue for further evaluation.The results will share details about the consistency and size of the breast tissue samples, the location of the biopsy site, and whether there are cancer cells present. If it is malignant, the report will detail the type of breast cancer you have. Based on the findings, your breast surgeon will advise on the next steps for treatment.<h2>Book Your Appointment at Thomson Breast Centre</h2>Prevention is always better than cure! Our clinical team at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/breast" target="_blank">Thomson Breast Centre</a> offers different services for all <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/breast-screening-mammogram-ultrasound" target="_blank">breast screening</a> needs with the assurance that you will be well taken care of. It is important to detect signs of breast cancer early. The sooner it is detected, the faster the treatment can start. At Thomson Medical, our doctors will evaluate the lump and provide the appropriate tests for diagnosis.Most patients start with a specialist consultation for a personalised clinical breast assessment. We offer a wide range of biopsy procedures, from minimally invasive removal to more advanced surgical options if a biopsy is needed. Book a specialist consultation with Thomson Breast Centre and start your breast health journey today.

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Worried about a breast lump? Don't panic. A breast biopsy is a simple procedure that can help determine if the lump is benign or malignant. Learn more about the process and what to expect from this article.

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Everything You Need to Know About Breast Biopsy

Just as there are skin issues that arise during pregnancy, skin conditions can also develop after you give birth. Fortunately, they are largely treatable, so there is no need to fret – your postpartum skin and hair will bounce back in no time. We take a look at some of the most common conditions.<h2>Acne</h2>Caused by an inflammation in the facial oil glands, acne may be aggravated by hormonal changes. Most of the time, acne clears within a few weeks or months, but medical treatment should be sought to prevent the risk of scarring. There are many topical agents that can be safely used even when breastfeeding. In more severe cases, oral medications such as antibiotics may be required.<h2>Melasma</h2>Also known as “the mask of pregnancy”, this pigmentation condition is due to increased melanin production and is caused by a combination of genetic and hormonal factors, as well as sun exposure. It tends to affect Asian skin more, appearing as brownish patches over the cheeks, forehead, temples, nasal bridge, upper lips and jawline.It is best controlled by avoiding the sun and with regular use of sunscreen, lightening creams and topical agents, although it can persist in some cases. Other treatments include chemical peeling, intense pulsed light therapy and certain forms of laser therapy. Inform your doctor if you are breastfeeding – certain ingredients such as tretinoin and hydroquinone that can be found in some skincare products should be avoided by breastfeeding mums.<h2>Dermatitis/eczema</h2>Eczema or dermatitis is a relatively common yet noninfectious condition, so it will not spread to your baby. Often it is an aggravation of an underlying sensitive skin condition that has been present for some time. For new mothers, it can also develop as a result of excessive water contact due to frequent handwashing.Use moisturiser regularly to soothe inflamed and itchy skin. Topical steroid creams are prescribed to calm inflamed skin and are safe to use even when breastfeeding. Use a gentle soap substitute and continue to moisturise even after the skin rash has settled.<h2>Stretchmarks</h2>Affecting at least 90 percent of pregnant women, stretchmarks are a form of scarring that appear red when fresh, but most will fade to white after delivery. During pregnancy, intensive use of moisturisers may help the condition, and there are specially formulated stretchmark creams on the market that you can continue using after delivery. For more severe cases, dermatologists may prescribe tretinoin cream to use postpartum when you are not breastfeeding. Some skin-tightening laser treatments are safe options to remove stretchmarks even if you are breastfeeding, but these usually require multiple sessions.<h2>Telogen effluvium</h2>This condition results in hair fall that usually occurs about three months after delivery. Though increased hair fall can be distressing to new mothers, it is almost always a self-limiting condition, and you will usually recover within six months. If you notice increased hair fall, consult a doctor to exclude other causes of hair loss (such as low iron levels). Topical medications can be used if you are not breastfeeding.

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Postpartum skin problems like acne, melasma, and stretch marks are common but temporary. Learn how to relieve and prevent the 5 most frequent postpartum skin woes.

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The 5 Most Common Postpartum Skin Issues and How to Treat Them

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