Vasculitis

Vasculitis refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by the inflammatory destruction of blood vessels in various organs.

It can affect blood vessels of all sizes, from the smallest capillaries to the largest arteries and veins. This inflammation can restrict blood flow, leading to organ and tissue damage.

The exact cause of Vasculitis is often unknown. However, it is believed to result from an abnormal immune system response.

Factors that may trigger vasculitis include:

• Infections
• Medications
• Autoimmune diseases
• Genetic predisposition

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of vasculitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies.

• A biopsy of the affected tissue may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

• Blood tests can help identify inflammation and immune system abnormalities.

• Imaging studies like CT scans or MRIs can assess the extent of organ involvement.

Treatment

The treatment of vasculitis aims to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Depending on the type and severity, treatment options may include:

• Corticosteroids: These are often the first line of treatment to reduce inflammation.
• Immunosuppressive drugs: Medications like cyclophosphamide or methotrexate may be used to control the immune response.
• Biologic agents: In some cases, biologics such as rituximab may be prescribed.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term damage to organs and tissues affected by vasculitis. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider are essential to manage the condition effectively.