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Thomson Specialists

Thomson Medical offers convenient access to comprehensive specialist outpatient and surgical care for women, children, and families through Thomson Specialists. Our team is dedicated to addressing your unique needs and providing tailored treatment options. Take control of your health today by booking an appointment at any of our Thomson Specialists clinics and embark on a journey towards improved well-being.

Bringing Comprehensive Specialist Care Closer To You

Thomson Women's Clinic

At Thomson Women’s Clinics, we are committed to providing modern and comprehensive care for women of all ages. Our experienced team of O&amp;G specialists is dedicated to creating a caring environment where your health and well-being are our top priorities. Our specialists provide specialised services on preventive measures, accurate diagnosis, and personalised treatment plans.Whether you need specialised care for women-related conditions or navigating the journey of childbirth, seeking support for family planning and fertility treatments, or requiring compassionate care through menopause, we are here for you.

Our Expertise

Specialists in Women’s Health

We understand that managing your health appointments around work and family commitments can be challenging. For your convenience, we provides women's health consultations beyond standard hours at multiple locations across Singapore.Extended Hours LocationsWhile all 12 of our women's health clinics operate during standard clinic hours, the following locations offer extended consultation times:Northeast<ul><li>Woodleigh: Thursday, 6pm - 9pm</li><li>Sengkang: Tuesday &amp; Friday, 5:30pm - 7:00pm</li><li>Punggol: Tuesday, Thursday &amp; Friday, 12pm - 8pm</li></ul>East<ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Tampines: Monday, 7pm - 9pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Katong: Wednesday, 10am - 8pm</li></ul>West<ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Jurong: Monday &amp; Thursday, 6pm - 9pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Bukit Batok: Monday, Thursday &amp; Friday, 6pm - 8:30pm</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Choa Chu Kang: Monday, 6pm - 8pm</li></ul>Thomson Medical is committed to providing accessible healthcare that fits your schedule.

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Thomson Women’s Clinic

Thomson Paediatric Centre

At Thomson Paediatric Centres, our unwavering commitment is to treat your child with the same level of care and dedication as we would our own. We provide children's healthcare services to alleviate every parent's concerns and ensure the well-being of our next generation. Our experienced team of Paediatricians is devoted to cultivating a caring environment where your child's health is our top priority.Besides General Paediatrics services, we also offer specialised services in Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology. Our specialist doctors are experienced in areas such as Nutrition, Respiratory, Growth &amp; Development assessment, and Paediatric Urgent Care for babies to young children and adolescents. Trust us to be your partner in safeguarding your child's health and ensuring a compassionate and comprehensive approach to their medical needs.

Specialists in Children’s Health

Our Paediatricians

Please click on the below links for our Paediatricians' availabilities.
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 <td>Paediatricians</td>
 <td>Clinic Location</td>
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 <td>Dr Ang Ai Tin</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/XcyrrQBgEW35Rw3f6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 1)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Eugene Han</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/odint8UJmba6RBPbA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 4)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Grace Lim</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/obLpwmEFumMjMzRz8" target="_blank">Thomson Specialists (Woodleigh)</a> </td>
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 <td>Dr Kenneth Chua Yong Yeow</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/Kp3TYWxzLXkfkkPYA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Punggol)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Leo Deng Jin</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/NVzfb9zvkUMvvNxN8" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Bukit Panjang)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Lim Yang Chern</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/7Ex6ra4NmwHQUopS6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Jurong)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Ong Ian</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/78WJoj482r35Af7T9" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (Parkway Parade)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Tan Kuanyang</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/odint8UJmba6RBPbA" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 4)</a></td>
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 <td>Dr Yang Linqi</td>
 <td><a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/XcyrrQBgEW35Rw3f6" target="_blank">Thomson Paediatric Centre (TPC 1)</a></td>
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Refer to each paediatrician's <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/paediatric-centre/paediatricians-consultation-hours">consultation hours</a> for their availability.

Our Paediatricians' Leave Schedule

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Latest share price, financial performance, and other materials relevant to investors.Read about our <a href="https://assets.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt5a13f1dd33c615fa/651e7a9aecf48b6d54c38b23/TMG-Investor-Relations-Policy-3Sep2020.pdf?branch=uat_release_3" target="_self">Investor Relations Policy</a>For Investor Relations matters, please email us at <a href="mailto:ir@thomsonmedical.com">ir@thomsonmedical.com</a> Thomson Medical Group Limited 101 Thomson Road #20-04/05, United Square Singapore 307591 Tel: +65 6331 0188 Fax: +65 6331 0180

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<table><tbody><tr><td>Stock symbol</td><td>A50.SI</td></tr><tr><td>Listing</td><td>Singapore Exchange </td></tr><tr><td>Financial Year End</td><td>June 30</td></tr><tr><td>Total issued shares as at 30 June 2025</td><td>26,441,066,807 ordinary shares</td></tr><tr><td>Market capitalisation as at 30 June 2025</td><td>S$1.1 billion</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Failure of contraception:<ul><li>Even with the best intentions and careful planning, contraceptives can sometimes fail due to inconsistent use, incorrect application, or method-related issues.</li></ul>Lack of contraception:<ul><li>Unplanned pregnancies often occur when contraception is not used or used inadequately.</li></ul>Failure of sterilisation procedures:<ul><li>In rare cases, individuals who have undergone sterilisation procedures, such as&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/tubal-ligation">tubal ligation</a>, may still experience unintended pregnancies if the procedure fails.</li></ul>Lack of sexual education:<ul><li>Insufficient knowledge about sexual health, reproductive anatomy, and contraception can contribute to unplanned pregnancies. Comprehensive sexual education is crucial for informed decision-making.</li></ul>

What are the causes of unplanned pregnancies?

Choosing to terminate a pregnancy is a deeply personal decision. Access to safe and legal services <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-an-expert/dr-ryan-lee-wai-kheong" target="_blank">(Dr Ryan Lee)</a>, where available, is essential for those considering this option.&nbsp;The procedure is legal in Singapore under specific conditions outlined by the Ministry of Health's Termination of Pregnancy Act.A medical practitioner can perform a termination of pregnancy that is less than 24 weeks if the woman is:<ul><li>A citizen of Singapore or the wife of a Singapore citizen.</li><li>A holder or the wife of a holder of a work permit pass or employment pass. Having a temporary work permit is insufficient. Either the pregnant woman or her husband must hold a work permit pass issued under the Immigration Act.</li><li>A resident of Singapore for at least four months.</li></ul>Exceptions are made if the procedure is immediately necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman. A pregnancy termination after 24 weeks can only be performed if it is immediately necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman or to prevent grave permanent injury to her physical or mental health.The decision to terminate a pregnancy must be made by the pregnant woman herself and requires her explicit consent.

Unplanned Pregnancy Managment: Termination

Continuing with pregnancy and becoming a parent:&nbsp;Deciding to become a parent may require re-evaluating your life plans, financial stability, and emotional readiness. It's important to seek&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/antenatal">prenatal care</a>&nbsp;early in your pregnancy to ensure the health of both you and your developing baby.&nbsp;If you need medical support, you can consider our doctors:&nbsp;<ol><li><a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-an-expert/dr-ryan-lee-wai-kheong" target="_blank">Dr Ryan Lee (Woodleigh)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-an-expert/dr-geetha-visvalingam" target="_blank">Dr Geetha Visvalingam (Katong)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-an-expert/dr-wang-junjie" target="_blank">Dr Junjie (JJ) Wang (Novena)</a></li><li>Other doctors at our <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/women-clinic" target="_blank">13 locations</a></li></ol>If you're facing an unplanned pregnancy and need mental support or someone to talk to, you can call the following hotlines:<ol><li><a href="https://www.pregnancycrisis.sg/">Pregnancy Crisis &amp; Support</a> at&nbsp;6339 9770</li><li><a href="https://www.aware.org.sg/information/abortion/">AWARE Women’s Helpline</a> at&nbsp;1800 777 5555</li><li><a href="https://www.babes.org.sg/">Babes Pregnancy Crisis Support</a> – for individuals aged 21 and below – at&nbsp;6206 6641&nbsp;or&nbsp;8111 3535&nbsp;(WhatsApp)</li><li><a href="https://www.alife.org.sg/superf">aLife</a> at&nbsp;9183 4483&nbsp;(WhatsApp only)</li></ol>

Unplanned Pregnancy Management: Keeping

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An unplanned pregnancy occurs when conception happens without explicit intention or preparation. It can catch individuals and couples off guard, leading to a range of emotions and necessitating careful consideration of available options.

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What is an unplanned pregnancy?

Dr Ryan Lee is an Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/thomson-specialists/woodleigh" target="_self">Thomson Specialists Woodleigh</a>.Dr Lee graduated with an intercalated bachelor of medical science degree (Honours) at Imperial College London and obtained MBBS (Distinction) in Medical Sciences, Clinical Science, and Clinical Practice at St Bartholomews and the Royal London, University of London. He further obtained a Masters of Medicine (O&amp;G) and was conferred a member of the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (MRCOG). Subsequently, he graduated from the Clinician-Scientist residency and became a fully qualified Obstetrician and Gynaecologist with the Specialist Accreditation Board of the Ministry of Health, Singapore.Dr Ryan’s practice encompasses general gynaecology, high-risk obstetrics with a special interest in maternal medicine. He advocates a holistic approach to the care of pregnant mothers through optimisation of medical conditions in pregnancy. He is also the co-lead for the SingHealth Maternal Medicine Network to promote joint collaborations among various medical sub-specialties for multi-disciplinary care. Dr Ryan received several service awards including the Singhealth Silver Quality award twice, ‘Service from the Heart’ award, ‘COVID Team Award', and 'Resilience Medal’ for excellent clinical service rendered in patient care.His main research interests focus on interventional lifestyle changes in improving obstetric outcomes in women with gestational diabetes and enhancing pregnancy outcomes. He is an Integrated Platform for Research in Advancing Metabolic Health Outcomes in Women and Children (IPRAMHO) investigator to develop excellent models of metabolic care. He was previously awarded the NMRC health research scholarship, graduating with a Masters of Clinical Investigation from the National University of Singapore. He was also awarded the Duke-NUS academic medical grant and National Medical Research Council New Investigator Grant (NIG) studying the ‘Functional roles of plasma micronutrients in obese women receiving nutrition intervention during preconception and early pregnancy. He presented at numerous international conferences and published numerous papers in reputable peer-reviewed journals.Besides research, Dr Ryan has an incessant passion for teaching and was previously awarded the Inspiring Resident-Educator award. He was appointed as a SingHealth residency physician facilitator and Duke-NUS Clinical assistant professor where he receives commendable accolades from students. He is happily married with 2 children whom he cherishes spending quality time with.Media:<ul><li><a href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/singapore-unplanned-pregnancies-abortions-contraceptive-pill-4032436" target="_blank">CNA Commentary: What’s behind the rise in unplanned pregnancies in Singapore?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.8world.com/singapore/christmas-baby-2659341" target="_blank">8world: 凌晨零点零分诞生 新手父母喜迎圣诞宝宝</a> (New Parents Welcome Christmas Baby at 12am)</li><li><a href="https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/singapore/story20241225-5646319" target="_blank">Lianhe Zaobao: 本地首个圣诞宝宝零时零分报到</a> (First Christmas Baby Arrived at Midnight)</li></ul>

Dr Ryan Lee Wai Kheong

Dr Woo Bit Hwa is an Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/women-clinic" target="_self">Thomson Women’s Clinic</a> (Punggol and Tiong Bahru).Dr Woo obtained his basic medical degrees (MBBS) from National University of Singapore in 1990. He then served in Alexandra Hospital, Singapore General Hospital, and KK Hospital from 1990 to 2001. In 1996, he obtained his postgraduate degrees, MRCOG (United Kingdom) and MMed (O&amp;G)(Singapore). He left KK Hospital in 2001 to start his private practice.During his years in KK Hospital, he was extensively and deeply involved in the care of patients with high-risk pregnancies as well as pregnancies with antenatally diagnosed birth defects. He maintained and did research on both the KK Hospital Birth Defect Registry and the National Birth Defect Registry. He is equally experienced in the management of common gynaecological conditions such as fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, menopause, and menstrual problems.He is also proficient in gynaecological surgeries and minimally invasive (laparoscopic) surgeries. Dr Woo is highly regarded as a competent, caring, and dedicated doctor. He is also very meticulous in his work to ensure the best care for all his patients.

Dr Woo Bit Hwa

Dr Wong Heng Fok is an Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/women-clinic" target="_self">Thomson Women's Clinic</a> (Tampines), providing specialised care in the field of general O&amp;G, with a sub-specialty interest in urogynaecology.Dr Wong graduated from the University of Singapore in 1999 (MBBS), and worked in National University of Singapore, KK Hospital and Singapore General Hospital. He undertook his postgraduate training at KKH, and obtained his specialist degree in 2004 and was admitted to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (MRCOG - London, UK).During his 13 years of practice in KKH, Dr Wong served as the Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist dealing with general <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/pregnancy/antenatal" target="_blank">antenatal</a> and gynaecology problems. He also served as a consultant urogynaecologist with interest in uterovaginal prolapse and urinary incontinence.

Dr Wong Heng Fok

Dr Tan Toh Lick is a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/centres/women-clinic" target="_self">Thomson Women's Clinic</a> (Jurong).Dr Tan graduated from King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of London in 1997. He undertook his Obstetrics and Gynaecology Specialist Training in London, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex Deanery, and has worked with numerous prominent specialists in King's College Hospital, St George's Hospital, Kent &amp; Canterbury Hospital, University Hospital Lewisham, Princess Royal University Hospital, and Guy's &amp; St Thomas' Hospital.He completed his specialist training in 2008 and was appointed Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, London in 2008. Before relocating to KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore in 2013, he also consulted at private London hospitals including Clementine Churchill Hospital, Lister Hospital, and Portland Hospital.As a consultant, he held a number of lead roles and brought about significant improvements in service development, patient care, and staff training. These contributions were widely recognised and he has been awarded 3 Clinical Excellence Awards in 2010 and 2012 in the United Kingdom, and Singapore Health Quality Service Award in 2015, Singapore.Dr Tan has also won many awards and prizes for his academic work presented at international and regional conferences. He has participated in several research and audits in early pregnancy loss, preterm delivery, labour induction, and menstrual disorders. He has also published and reviewed in several peer-reviewed medical journals.Dr Tan is on the United Kingdom's General Medical Council's and Singapore Medical Council's specialist registers. He is a member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and has RCOG special skills accreditation in minimally invasive surgery, gynaecological ultrasound, and subfertility management.

Dr Tan Toh Lick

Our Gynaecologists for Unplanned Pregnancy

Emotional impact:<ul><li>An unplanned pregnancy can bring a whirlwind of emotions—surprise, fear, and uncertainty are all normal feelings. Your emotional well-being might be influenced by societal expectations, relationship dynamics, and personal beliefs.</li></ul>Relationship dynamics:<ul><li>Discovering an unplanned pregnancy can significantly affect your relationships. Open communication and mutual support from your partner and loved ones are essential during this time.</li></ul>Financial considerations:<ul><li>The financial implications of an unplanned pregnancy can be significant. You may need to reassess your financial situation and plans to accommodate the new addition to your family.</li></ul>Balancing career/education and parenthood:<ul><li>Balancing the demands of parenthood with your career and education goals becomes crucial.</li><li>For many women, balancing the demands of a career with the responsibilities of unexpected parenthood can be daunting. The pressures of maintaining employment and securing adequate maternity leave can create additional stress.</li><li>Thoughtful planning and adjustments will help you navigate these new responsibilities while pursuing your aspirations.</li></ul>Cultural and societal stigma:<ul><li>In Singapore, strong cultural and societal norms can create stigma around unplanned pregnancies, particularly for unmarried women. This stigma can lead to feelings of shame, isolation, and reluctance to seek help or discuss their situation openly.</li></ul>

What are the implications in management of unplanned pregnancies in Singapore?

Take a deep breath:<ul><li>First and foremost, give yourself time to process the news. It's natural to feel overwhelmed, but taking a moment to breathe and reflect can help you think more clearly about your next steps.</li></ul>Seek support:<ul><li>Talk to someone you trust, whether it's a partner, friend, family member, or counsellor. Sharing your feelings and concerns can offer emotional relief and provide valuable perspective.</li><li>Professional counseling services can guide you and your partner through processing emotions, making informed decisions, and developing effective coping strategies.</li><li>Support groups and community resources also offer opportunities to share experiences and receive advice from others who have faced similar situations.</li></ul>Gather information:<ul><li>Educate yourself about your options. This includes understanding your choices for continuing the pregnancy, adoption, or termination. Reliable sources like healthcare providers, counsellors, and trusted organisations can offer valuable information. Remember, this is your journey, and it's important to choose the path that aligns with your needs and circumstances.<ul><li>Continuing with pregnancy and becoming a parent:&nbsp;Deciding to become a parent may require reevaluating your life plans, financial stability, and emotional readiness. It's important to seek&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/antenatal">prenatal care</a>&nbsp;early in your pregnancy to ensure the health of both you and your developing baby</li><li>Adoption:&nbsp;If you feel unprepared for parenthood, adoption offers an alternative. Thoroughly research adoption processes and agencies to make informed decisions and find the best path for you and your baby</li><li>Termination:&nbsp;Choosing to terminate a pregnancy is a deeply personal decision. Access to safe and legal services, where available, is essential for those considering this option. Pre-termination counseling and post-termination support can help you cope with the emotional aspects of your decision</li></ul></li></ul>Consult a doctor:<ul><li>Schedule an appointment &nbsp;with an&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-an-expert/dr-ryan-lee-wai-kheong">obstetrician/gynaecologist</a>&nbsp;to discuss your situation. They can provide medical advice, answer questions, and help you understand the implications of each option – continue with pregnancy or termination</li><li>Prenatal care:&nbsp;If you choose to continue your pregnancy, early and consistent&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/antenatal">prenatal care</a>&nbsp;is crucial. Regular check-ups help monitor your health and your baby’s development. Your doctor can offer valuable guidance on nutrition, lifestyle adjustments, and emotional well-being.</li><li>Reproductive health services:&nbsp;Access to comprehensive reproductive health services empowers you with the information and resources needed to make informed choices about your pregnancy. Family planning services, contraceptive counselling, and sexual health education are vital in preventing future unplanned pregnancies.</li></ul>Consider your values and beliefs:<ul><li>Reflect on your personal values, beliefs, and circumstances. Think about what is most important to you and how each option aligns with your life goals and values.</li></ul>Assess your support system:<ul><li>Consider the support you have available from your partner, family, and friends. A strong support system can make a significant difference in managing an unplanned pregnancy.</li></ul>Evaluate your financial situation:<ul><li>Take a realistic look at your financial situation. Consider the costs associated with raising a child, as well as any available resources or assistance programs that could help.</li></ul>Think about your long-term goals:<ul><li>Consider how an unplanned pregnancy might affect your long-term goals, such as education, career, and personal aspirations. Think about the adjustments you may need to make and how you can achieve your goals with a new set of circumstances.</li></ul>Make a decision:<ul><li>Once you have gathered all the information and considered your options, make the decision that feels right for you. Remember, this is a personal choice, and it’s important to do what’s best for your well-being.</li></ul>Take care of yourself:<ul><li>Regardless of your decision, prioritise self-care. Eat well, get enough rest, and seek emotional support when needed. Taking care of your physical and mental health is crucial during this time.</li></ul>Follow up with professional care:<ul><li>Stay in touch with healthcare professionals to ensure you receive the necessary medical care and support throughout your journey, whether you continue the pregnancy, choose adoption, or decide on termination.</li></ul>Remember, you are not alone, and there are resources and people available to support you through this process.

How to deal with an unplanned pregnancy?

If you are considering terminating a pregnancy at one week, it's essential to seek professional medical advice as soon as possible. Here’s what you can do:Confirm the pregnancy:<ul><li>First, confirm that you are indeed pregnant. Home pregnancy tests are a good starting point, but a visit to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-an-expert/dr-ryan-lee-wai-kheong">a doctor</a>&nbsp;can provide more accurate results.</li></ul>Consult a doctor:<ul><li>Schedule an appointment with &nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-an-expert/dr-ryan-lee-wai-kheong">gynaecologist</a>&nbsp;to discuss your options. He/she can provide you with information on the safest and most effective methods for early termination.</li></ul>Understand your options:&nbsp;Your healthcare provider will explain the available options, which may include:<ul><li>Medication method:&nbsp;This involves taking prescribed medications (usually mifepristone followed by misoprostol) to terminate the pregnancy. This method is effective in early pregnancy and can be done at home under medical supervision.</li><li>Surgical method:&nbsp;Although less common at such an early stage, a surgical procedure (such as aspiration) may be an option. Your&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-an-expert/dr-ryan-lee-wai-kheong">gynaecologist</a>&nbsp;will advise if this is suitable for you.</li></ul>Follow professional guidance:<ul><li>It’s crucial to follow the instructions and guidance provided by your<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-an-expert/dr-ryan-lee-wai-kheong" target="_blank">&nbsp;gynaecologist</a>. He/she will ensure that you receive the appropriate care and support throughout the process.</li></ul>Seek emotional support:&nbsp;<ul><li>Consider seeking counselling or support from trusted friends, family, or professional services to help you cope with the emotional aspects of your decision</li></ul>Important considerations:<ul><li>Act quickly: Early intervention is important for the effectiveness and safety of termination methods</li><li>Legal and safe:&nbsp;Ensure that you access services that are legal and safe. In Singapore, termination is legal and accessible up to 24 weeks of pregnancy, but specific regulations apply.</li><li>Confidentiality:&nbsp;Medical consultations and services are confidential, so you can seek help without fear of your privacy being compromised.</li></ul>

What can I do to stop 1 week of pregnancy?

Complications from legal terminations are rare, with serious complications occurring in less than 1% of cases and mortality rates being less than 1 in 100,000. However, the risk of complications increases as the pregnancy progresses. Here are some potential complications to be aware of:Serious early complications:<ol><li>Uterine perforation:<ul><li>An instrument may accidentally perforate the uterus, and less commonly, the intestine or another organ could be injured.</li></ul></li><li>Major bleeding<ul><li>This can occur due to trauma or uterine atony (when the uterus doesn't contract properly)</li></ul></li><li>Cervical laceration<ul><li>The cervix may be injured during the procedure</li></ul></li></ol>Anesthesia complications:&nbsp;Both general and local anesthesia are typically safe, and serious complications are rare.Common delayed complications:<ol><li>Bleeding and infection:<ul><li>These are the most common complications following an termination.</li></ul></li><li>Infertility<ul><li>This can result from adhesions in the endometrial cavity (Asherman syndrome) or tubal fibrosis due to infection.</li></ul></li><li>Cervical incompetence<ul><li>Forceful dilation of the cervix in more advanced pregnancies can lead to cervical incompetence. However, with evidence-based techniques such as gentle suction and adequate cervical preparation, the risk of future pregnancy complications is not expected to increase</li></ul></li><li>Psychological complications:<ul><li>Some women may experience psychological effects such as depression or, in rare cases, psychosis.</li></ul></li></ol>It’s important to discuss any concerns with your&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-an-expert/dr-ryan-lee-wai-kheong">gynaecologist</a>. They can provide detailed information on the procedure, help you understand the risks, and ensure you receive the best possible care. Remember, legal termination is generally very safe, and your healthcare team is there to support you throughout the process.

What are the major complications of induced termination?

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Unplanned Pregnancy Guide: Causes & Management

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Breast lumps during pregnancy are very common. The expectant mother will experience many normal physiological changes ― an increase in breast size, more obvious sweat glands around the nipples, a darkening of the areola ― all of which will prepare her body for breastfeeding.Common non-cancerous variations to breasts include hormonal changes (fibrocystic changes), fibroadenomas, cysts, lipomas, accessory (extra) breast tissue. Pregnancy-related breast cancers make up about 3 per cent of all breast cancers.Whenever a pregnant woman feels a lump, she should see a doctor to get their opinion, keeping in mind that most times it will turn out to be nothing serious!<h2>What the doctor will do</h2>When you see the doctor, she will ask details as to how you detected the lump, how long it has been present and if you have detected any changes, so as to get an idea what the lump is likely to be.Next, the doctor will conduct a breast examination to confirm the presence of the lump, and check for any other symptoms such as skin changes or nipple discharge.Most patients will then be recommended to get an ultrasound scan ― this will give additional information as to whether this lump is benign or cancerous. If there is any concern that the lump may be cancerous, your doctor will advise you as to the pros and cons of having a biopsy, which can be done safely even during pregnancy.“If a pregnant women detects a lump, I would advise them to have a thorough consultation and a physical examination, followed by an ultrasound. If necessary, I would then perform a biopsy.”<h2>Breast cancer screening during pregnancy</h2>A screening checks for cancer even when a patient is feeling well and has absolutely no cancer signs or symptoms. For breast cancer screening, most countries, including Singapore, recommend mammogram screening from age 50 onwards. For women who are at higher risk, this may start at 40. Some specialists will recommend a supplementary ultrasound as well.If a pregnant women detects a lump, I would advise them to have a thorough consultation and a physical examination, followed by an ultrasound. If necessary, I would then perform a biopsy.<h2>Screening methods (Mammograms/Ultrasound)</h2>Ultrasound, the same technology used to monitor the baby during pregnancy, is safe and useful in detecting lumps, and to check if it’s solid or cystic. Most specialists do not use ultrasound as a screening method as the majority of such lumps it detects are not cancerous.A diagnostic ultrasound can still be performed safely on pregnant women to assess their breast lump. If a subsequent biopsy confirms a cancer, she may then need a baseline mammogram, after discussing the pros and cons with her doctor. This is because early stage breast cancer may not form a lump yet, but may attract calcium spots, which can be detected using a mammogram. An abdominal lead apron may be used to reduce the baby’s exposure to radiation.<h2>Breast cancer treatment</h2>If the biopsy shows that the lump is non-cancerous (benign), then it may be left alone.However, if the biopsy shows that it is cancerous, the breast cancer treatment protocols will be modified for the expectant woman. Staging* has to be conducted to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, but only with liver ultrasound and chest X-ray. Depending on which trimester of the pregnancy she is in, the breast surgeon, oncologist and the ob-gyn will discuss what is best for the patient and her baby.Chemotherapy may be administered from the second trimester onwards, followed by surgery after she deliver the baby. As such management of the patient’s treatment is complex, it will involve good multidisciplinary care by experienced doctors.*Staging is a way to describe where the cancer is located, how much the cancer has grown, and if or where it has spread.

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Although common breast changes are normal in pregnancy, finding a lump can be worrying. Learn what are the recommended next steps, and when you should worry.

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Breast Lumps During Pregnancy: What to Expect and Do

“It all started with a persistent pain in the left breast, and I was referred by my General Practitioner for a mammogram and ultrasound. Both the mammogram and ultrasound results showed an abnormal lump, and I was further scheduled for a breast biopsy to determine if the lump was benign or malignant. Questions started to fill my mind. What is breast biopsy and how is it performed? And is it painful?”For many patients, pain is a very common symptom and is the most common complaint that brings them to see a doctor. For a small group, there happens to be an abnormal lump found that needs a biopsy. Most times, pain is not a sign of cancer, and any lumps found may not be the cause of the breast pain you experienced.Some of us may face a similar situation when a lump is detected. It is normal to have many questions. This article aims to address some of your preliminary questions while you arrange for a consult with a professional specialist. It is important to seek timely professional diagnosis and treatment.Here’s what you need to know about a breast biopsy and what to expect.<h2>What is a breast biopsy?</h2>A breast biopsy is a process where a small sample of breast tissue is removed through a special biopsy needle. The tissue samples removed from the breast lump will be further examined under a microscope. Typically, the breast biopsy is performed if there is an abnormality detected from your previous mammograms or breast ultrasounds. The goal of the biopsy is to determine what the abnormality is and the best treatment to move forward with.Although ultrasounds and mammograms are useful ways to identify breast lumps, a breast biopsy is the only way to confirm what the lump is. Breast screening is to be done, even if you are well and have no symptoms at all, and annual mammograms should start from age 40.If you experience any symptoms, please see a doctor for early diagnostic imaging tests:<ul><li>Breast lump</li><li>Changes in the colour or contour of the breast or nipple or dimpling of skin</li><li>Discharge from the nipple</li></ul>Most breast biopsies are quick and painless. Many of the breast lumps may turn out to be benign as there are a variety of conditions that can cause lumps in the breast. However, your doctor will usually want to take precautions and order breast screening tests to rule out early <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/breast-cancer" target="_blank">breast cancer</a>.<h2>How to prepare for a breast biopsy?</h2>Before your breast biopsy, you can prepare by informing your breast surgeon if you:<ul><li>Have any allergies</li><li>Are taking any blood-thinning medications</li><li>Have consumed aspirin in the last seven days</li><li>Not able to lie face down for more than an hour</li></ul>You will likely meet with your specialist prior to the procedure. Your doctor would be able to advise you on the procedure and give you advice such as:<ul><li>What type of breast biopsy procedure will be done?</li><li>What is the location of my biopsy?</li><li>Will a part or all of the lump be extracted?</li><li>Will it leave a scar?</li><li>How soon will I receive my results?</li><li>How soon can I resume normal activities?</li><li>What type of anaesthesia will be used?</li></ul>Make sure to wear a sports bra and loose clothing to have ease in dressing after the procedure. You may also want to have a designated driver or someone to accompany you home safely.<h2>What are the different types of breast biopsies and how are they performed?</h2>Once your breast surgeon decides that a biopsy is needed, they will determine the best type of biopsy for your situation. There are a few breast biopsy procedures to obtain samples of a patient’s breast lumps. Your breast surgeon will recommend based on the location, size, and other characteristics of the breast abnormality.Your breast surgeon will take a tissue sample either through a minimally invasive biopsy procedure or surgery. Minimally invasive procedures are ideal because they offer:<ul><li>Less pain</li><li>Less scarring</li><li>Faster recovery time</li><li>Lower risk of infection</li><li>Lower hospital costs</li><li>Able to return to usual activities quickly</li></ul><h3>Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy</h3>This procedure is performed through ultrasound guidance. An ultrasound is a method that utilises high-frequency sound waves to generate precise images.The breast surgeon will locate the lump within the patient’s breasts using the breast ultrasound device before a small incision is made for the biopsy needle to retrieve tissue samples. With an ultrasound-guided breast biopsy, the breast surgeon can identify <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/breastbius" target="_self">lumps near the chest wall or under the arms</a>.It can be used in conjunction with vacuum-assisted core biopsy, core needle biopsy, or fine needle aspiration biopsy. This ultrasound-guided breast biopsy procedure is also more cost-effective than other methods like open surgical biopsy.<h3>Stereotactic biopsy</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/bltdc27a561fa0c5072/6545217008cc0104077ce311/Stereotactic_Biopsy.jpeg?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>With a stereotactic biopsy, a 3D image of the breast is created from the mammogram results. The doctor uses the image to pinpoint the exact location of the suspected breast lump and guides the needle there. The patient will lay <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-biopsy-stereotactic#procedure" target="_self">facing down on a padded biopsy table</a> with one of the breasts positioned in the hole in the table. The patient’s breast will be compressed with two plates while the biopsy site is located using a targeted mammogram. The breast surgeon or radiologist will then create a small incision into the biopsy site and insert a large core needle to remove tissue samples.<h3>RI-guided core needle biopsy</h3>Instead of using an ultrasound device, a biopsy can be performed under the guidance of an MRI. This imaging device captures cross-sectional images of the breast so that the hollow needle can be guided to the site of the breast lump. This procedure can be used with core needle biopsy, vacuum-assisted core biopsy, or wire localisation.he different types of breast biopsy vary in terms of how invasive the procedure it can be. Your breast surgeon will advise on the procedure that is the best for you.<h3>Open (surgical) biopsy</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt4155c1fcecc004d3/654521990970dd001bd16e10/Open_(Surgical)_Biopsy.png?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>The breast surgeon will remove part or the entire lump. If the lump is small and deep, a very thin needle and a thin wire will be placed inside the breast before the operation to help guide the breast surgeon.Generally, a surgical biopsy is performed in an operating room usually under general <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia" target="_blank">anaesthesia</a>.<h3>Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology</h3>In this procedure, a thin needle attached to a syringe is inserted into the breast lumps. The syringe will collect the sample of fluid or cells from the lump and small tissue samples are removed. Your doctor will advise if this is suitable for you.<h3>Sentinel node biopsy</h3>This procedure removes the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging/sentinel-node-biopsy-fact-sheet" target="_self">sentinel lymph node</a> or the first node to which cancer cells are most likely to spread. The surgeon uses blue dye or a radioactive tracer to identify the node. Then, the node is removed and tested for cancer. Cancer could have spread to other lymph nodes if the sentinel node tests positive. However, if it is negative, the likelihood of cancer spreading to other lymph nodes is lower.<h3>Vacuum-assisted core biopsy</h3>This procedure is performed with an ultrasound or mammogram unit and can be seen as an upgraded form of the core needle biopsy. Like the core biopsy, a larger needle is used and allows for several tissue samples to be taken at one time.A probe or hollow tube is inserted into a cut made on the skin. Then, a vacuum-assisted device is used to pull the tissue into the needle while a rotating cutting device takes the sample. Using a suction device is beneficial because it can get more cells and fluid through the needle, which cuts down on the number of times the needle will need to be inserted to retrieve multiple samples.<h2>Benefits and risks of breast biopsy</h2>Before proceeding with breast biopsy procedures, you may want to discuss with the breast surgeon and weigh the benefits and risks to determine the suitable procedure that is right for you. Fortunately, most procedures are less invasive compared to surgical biopsy and some will leave minimal to no scarring. The biopsy results will indicate whether the breast lump is malignant or benign which would either allow you to rest easy or quickly get the treatment that you need.Although these procedures are generally safe, there are some risks involved. Possible complications that can incur from a breast biopsy include:<ul><li>Mild pain and bruising</li><li>Infection</li><li>Prolonged bleeding</li><li>Soreness at the biopsy site</li></ul>Many of these side effects are simply temporary. However, if they persist, contact your <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/find-a-doctor/breast-surgeon-singapore" target="_blank">breast surgeon</a> for treatment. Generally, following the aftercare instructions will greatly reduce these risks and limit the odds of infection.<h2>FAQ</h2><h3>Why is a breast biopsy done?</h3>A breast biopsy can be done for several reasons:<ul><li>To identify any lumps in your breast</li><li>To check for the potential causes of any nipple problems such as bloody discharge</li><li>To evaluate whether the breast lump or breast mass is cancerous or non-cancerous.</li><li>To check the severity of a problem seen from the breast imaging results, such as a fluid-filled cyst or calcium deposits in breast tissue (microcalcifications)</li></ul><h3>How often are breast biopsies positive for cancer?</h3>&gt; 80% of the patients who undergo the biopsy procedure do not have cancer, while only &lt; 20% of breast biopsies are malignant. When the results are negative, the breast lump is benign.<h3>Does a breast biopsy hurt?</h3>The breast surgeon may use local anaesthesia to help numb the biopsy area during the procedure. It may be slightly uncomfortable, but most patients describe it as tolerable. Once the site is numb from the local anaesthetic, one should only feel pressure but no pain from the biopsy.Typically, only local anaesthesia is required. However, general anaesthesia may be used in severe cases, meaning the entire body is numbed.<h3>How long does it take to recover from breast biopsy?</h3>Biopsy procedures do not cause significant pain to your body. However, you may experience some bruising, tenderness, or soreness for a few days after the biopsy procedure. Patients can take non-aspirin pain relievers that contain acetaminophen and apply cold packs to help ease the pain and discomfort. However, it can take longer to recover from surgical removal procedures when compared to nonsurgical procedures.With all breast biopsy procedures, except for the surgical biopsy, you will be able to go home without a patient caregiver. You will likely have bandages and a cold pack over the biopsy site. Most patients can resume usual activities within a day after the procedure.Tell your breast surgeon if you notice the following problems after the biopsy:<ul><li>Pain that gets worse</li><li>Chills or fever</li><li>Swelling, redness, drainage, or bleeding</li></ul><h3>How soon should you expect to receive your breast biopsy results?</h3><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/blt5f400315f9e4f0b3/blt3ce74f2f0f705f43/654521d254447604077cfdc6/Breast_Biopsy.jpeg?branch=uat_release_3" height="auto"/>Once the procedure is done, the breast tissue samples are sent to the lab. A pathologist will evaluate the samples using specialised tools and then create a report to send to the breast surgeon, who will share the results with you.Generally, it takes a few days before the results are ready. However, it can take as long as two weeks before the test results are available if the lab needs more time to process your specimen.Sometimes a clear diagnosis is not possible based on the sample given. In this scenario, you may need another biopsy performed so that the breast surgeon can obtain more breast tissue for further evaluation.The results will share details about the consistency and size of the breast tissue samples, the location of the biopsy site, and whether there are cancer cells present. If it is malignant, the report will detail the type of breast cancer you have. Based on the findings, your breast surgeon will advise on the next steps for treatment.<h2>Book Your Appointment at Thomson Breast Centre</h2>Prevention is always better than cure! Our clinical team at <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/breast" target="_blank">Thomson Breast Centre</a> offers different services for all <a href="https://www.thomsonmedical.com/blog/breast-screening-mammogram-ultrasound" target="_blank">breast screening</a> needs with the assurance that you will be well taken care of. It is important to detect signs of breast cancer early. The sooner it is detected, the faster the treatment can start. At Thomson Medical, our doctors will evaluate the lump and provide the appropriate tests for diagnosis.Most patients start with a specialist consultation for a personalised clinical breast assessment. We offer a wide range of biopsy procedures, from minimally invasive removal to more advanced surgical options if a biopsy is needed. Book a specialist consultation with Thomson Breast Centre and start your breast health journey today.

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Worried about a breast lump? Don't panic. A breast biopsy is a simple procedure that can help determine if the lump is benign or malignant. Learn more about the process and what to expect from this article.

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Everything You Need to Know About Breast Biopsy

Just as there are skin issues that arise during pregnancy, skin conditions can also develop after you give birth. Fortunately, they are largely treatable, so there is no need to fret – your postpartum skin and hair will bounce back in no time. We take a look at some of the most common conditions.<h2>Acne</h2>Caused by an inflammation in the facial oil glands, acne may be aggravated by hormonal changes. Most of the time, acne clears within a few weeks or months, but medical treatment should be sought to prevent the risk of scarring. There are many topical agents that can be safely used even when breastfeeding. In more severe cases, oral medications such as antibiotics may be required.<h2>Melasma</h2>Also known as “the mask of pregnancy”, this pigmentation condition is due to increased melanin production and is caused by a combination of genetic and hormonal factors, as well as sun exposure. It tends to affect Asian skin more, appearing as brownish patches over the cheeks, forehead, temples, nasal bridge, upper lips and jawline.It is best controlled by avoiding the sun and with regular use of sunscreen, lightening creams and topical agents, although it can persist in some cases. Other treatments include chemical peeling, intense pulsed light therapy and certain forms of laser therapy. Inform your doctor if you are breastfeeding – certain ingredients such as tretinoin and hydroquinone that can be found in some skincare products should be avoided by breastfeeding mums.<h2>Dermatitis/eczema</h2>Eczema or dermatitis is a relatively common yet noninfectious condition, so it will not spread to your baby. Often it is an aggravation of an underlying sensitive skin condition that has been present for some time. For new mothers, it can also develop as a result of excessive water contact due to frequent handwashing.Use moisturiser regularly to soothe inflamed and itchy skin. Topical steroid creams are prescribed to calm inflamed skin and are safe to use even when breastfeeding. Use a gentle soap substitute and continue to moisturise even after the skin rash has settled.<h2>Stretchmarks</h2>Affecting at least 90 percent of pregnant women, stretchmarks are a form of scarring that appear red when fresh, but most will fade to white after delivery. During pregnancy, intensive use of moisturisers may help the condition, and there are specially formulated stretchmark creams on the market that you can continue using after delivery. For more severe cases, dermatologists may prescribe tretinoin cream to use postpartum when you are not breastfeeding. Some skin-tightening laser treatments are safe options to remove stretchmarks even if you are breastfeeding, but these usually require multiple sessions.<h2>Telogen effluvium</h2>This condition results in hair fall that usually occurs about three months after delivery. Though increased hair fall can be distressing to new mothers, it is almost always a self-limiting condition, and you will usually recover within six months. If you notice increased hair fall, consult a doctor to exclude other causes of hair loss (such as low iron levels). Topical medications can be used if you are not breastfeeding.

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Postpartum skin problems like acne, melasma, and stretch marks are common but temporary. Learn how to relieve and prevent the 5 most frequent postpartum skin woes.