Second Trimester of Pregnancy: What to Expect from Weeks 13 to Weeks 27

The second trimester is often a time of relief and excitement, as you begin to feel more like yourself again while bonding with the little one growing inside you. Between weeks 13 and 27, you’ll experience new milestones, from feeling those first precious kicks to seeing your baby’s features develop on ultrasound. Whether you're wondering about your baby’s growth or how to care for yourself, this guide will help you navigate this special time with confidence and ease.

What to expect in your second trimester of pregnancy?

Welcome to weeks 13 to 28, which is often called the "honeymoon phase" of pregnancy! If you've been battling with morning sickness, there's good news for you now: nausea typically subsides during this time, and your energy levels often bounce back. Many women find this the most comfortable phase of their pregnancy journey. However, as your baby bump grows, you might experience some new changes like backaches due to your shifting centre of gravity, the appearance of linea nigra (a dark line down your belly), and possibly stretch marks as your skin stretches.

The second trimester brings one of pregnancy's most exciting milestones: feeling your baby's first movements, usually around weeks 18 to 20. These gentle flutters, called quickening, gradually become stronger kicks as your little one grows. Your baby is developing rapidly now, forming tiny fingerprints and facial features. While your appetite may increase, remember to focus on nutritious foods like fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains to support your baby's growth and keep you feeling your best.

Overview of weeks 13 to weeks 28

The second trimester of pregnancy is usually called the "golden period", and for good reason. This is when many of the challenging symptoms of early pregnancy begin to ease, whilst your baby undergoes remarkable growth and development. 

Weeks 13–16

Your baby's getting stronger as their bones begin to harden, and those tiny facial muscles are developing – they might even be making expressions! Meanwhile, you'll probably notice your waistline starting to disappear as your bump makes its debut.

Weeks 17–20

You might feel those first gentle flutters of movement, called quickening. Your baby's hearing is developing too, so they can actually hear your voice and may even respond to familiar sounds.

Weeks 21–24 

Your little one is getting ready for life outside the womb as their lungs start producing surfactant, a substance that helps with breathing. They're also covered in soft, fine hair called lanugo, and you can think of it as their first cosy blanket!

Weeks 25–28

Starting in these weeks, your baby's eyes are opening! Their brain is developing rapidly, and they're putting on weight more quickly now, getting ready for the final stretch of your pregnancy journey.

By the end of week 28

The second trimester concludes with your baby looking remarkably developed and ready for the final phase of pregnancy. Many of the uncomfortable early pregnancy symptoms have likely resolved, though new ones may emerge as you prepare for the third trimester. Your baby's survival chances increase significantly at this milestone, marking an important transition in your pregnancy journey.

Common second trimester symptoms

As you enter your second trimester, many of the challenging symptoms from early pregnancy often ease, but new ones may appear as your body continues adapting to your growing baby. The good news is that many women find this period more comfortable and enjoyable.

• Increased appetite:

  • Your body is working harder to nourish your growing baby, so it's completely normal to feel hungrier than usual during weeks 13 to 28.

• Back, hip or pelvic discomfort: 

  • As your bump grows and your centre of gravity shifts, you may experience aches in your back, hips, or pelvis.

  • Gentle prenatal exercises, swimming, and using pregnancy pillows for support whilst sleeping can provide relief.

• Round ligament pain: 

  • Sharp, brief twinges in your lower belly or groin area are common as the ligaments supporting your womb stretch with your growing baby.

• Nasal congestion: 

  • Increased blood flow during pregnancy can cause your nasal passages to swell, leading to stuffiness that feels like a persistent cold.

• Skin changes: 

  • Hormonal changes may cause your areolas to darken and a dark line (linea nigra) to appear down your belly – both are completely normal pregnancy changes.

• Mild swelling of ankles and feet:

  • Some puffiness in your lower extremities is normal as your body retains more fluid to support your pregnancy.

• Emotional boost: 

  • Many women experience improved mood and increased energy during the second trimester, often feeling more like themselves again.

Every pregnancy is different, so whilst these symptoms are common during the second trimester, the way you experience them may be unique to you.

What should I do in my second trimester of pregnancy?

The second trimester is an ideal time to get prenatal care and start preparing for your baby's arrival. With renewed energy and fewer uncomfortable symptoms, you can take proactive steps to ensure both you and your baby continue thriving.

Routine prenatal check-ups and screenings

• Blood pressure and weight monitoring:

  • Regular antenatal screenings at each visit ensure you're gaining weight at a healthy rate and help detect early signs of complications like pre-eclampsia.

• Fundal height measurement:

  • Your doctor will measure the distance from your pubic bone to the top of your womb to track your baby's growth and ensure they're developing as expected.

• Foetal heartbeat monitoring:

  • Using a handheld Doppler device, your healthcare provider will listen to your baby's heartbeat – a reassuring sound that confirms your little one is thriving.

• Anomaly scan (18-22 weeks):

  • This detailed ultrasound scan examines your baby's anatomy and development, checking organs, limbs, and growth. 

• Blood tests for anaemia:

  • Regular blood tests monitor your iron levels, as anaemia is common during pregnancy and can affect both you and your baby's health.

• Glucose tolerance test (24-28 weeks):

  • This screening test checks for gestational diabetes by measuring how your body processes sugar. You'll drink a glucose solution and have blood drawn to test your levels.

• Additional genetic screening:

  • Depending on your age and risk factors, your healthcare provider may recommend further genetic tests to screen for chromosomal conditions.

Lifestyle habits

Maintaining healthy habits during your second trimester sets the foundation for a comfortable pregnancy and supports your baby's optimal development.

• Nourishing your body: 

  • Focus on eating balanced diets and meals rich in essential nutrients – particularly protein for your baby's growth, calcium for developing bones and teeth, iron to prevent anaemia, and folate for continued neural development. 

  • Begin a daily prenatal vitamin that includes folic acid. This is crucial for your baby's neural development and helps prevent certain birth defects.

• Staying active and hydrated:

  • Gentle exercise during pregnancy such as walking, swimming, and prenatal yoga can help alleviate back pain, improve your mood, and prepare your body for labour. 

  • Aim to stay well-hydrated with around 8 to 10 cups of water daily, as your body's fluid needs increase significantly during pregnancy.

• Rest and recovery:

  • Getting adequate rest becomes increasingly important as your body works harder. 

  • Use pregnancy pillows to support your growing bump and consider sleeping on your side for optimal blood flow to your baby.

• Important avoidances:

  • Continue avoiding alcohol, smoking, and unnecessary medications unless specifically approved by your healthcare provider, as these can impact your baby's development throughout pregnancy.

• Dental care:

  • Maintain excellent oral hygiene with regular brushing and flossing, as pregnancy hormones can increase gum sensitivity and risk of dental problems.

  • Don't skip routine dental cleanings – inform your dentist that you're pregnant so they can take appropriate precautions.

• Pelvic floor exercises:

  • Begin gentle Kegel exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles that support your pelvic organs, which can help during labour and recovery.

  • These simple exercises can be done anywhere and help prevent incontinence both during and after pregnancy.

Additional second trimester priorities:

• Attend all scheduled prenatal appointments – consistency is key for monitoring your and your baby's wellbeing

• Begin planning for maternity leave and start thinking about baby essentials you'll need

• Learn to recognise warning signs such as unusual bleeding, severe headaches, or sudden swelling that require immediate medical attention

Remember, every pregnancy journey is unique, therefore you should request an appointment with us to create a plan that's right for you and your growing baby.

Preparing for the third trimester

Your second trimester is the ideal time to start preparing for the final stretch of your pregnancy and your baby's arrival. With your energy levels at their peak, you can tackle important preparations that will help you feel more confident and ready. Here's what to focus on:

• Discuss your birth plan: 

  • Have an open conversation with your healthcare provider about your preferences for labour and delivery, including pain management options and any special requests.

• Enrol in prenatal classes: 

  • Childbirth education classes and breastfeeding workshops can boost your confidence and help you connect with other expectant parents.

• Optimise your sleeping arrangements:

  • Invest in a pregnancy pillow to support your growing bump and make side-sleeping more comfortable for the months ahead.

• Prepare your home for baby:

  • Start setting up the nursery, washing baby clothes, and organising essentials like nappies, feeding supplies, and a car seat.

  • Create a hospital bag checklist and begin gathering items gradually.

When to seek medical advice

During your second trimester, it's important to be aware of certain symptoms that may indicate something requires immediate medical attention. If you experience any of the following, contact your healthcare provider right away:

• Vaginal bleeding or fluid leakage

• Severe abdominal pain or cramping

• Persistent headaches or blurred vision

• Sudden swelling in hands, face, or feet

• Reduced or no foetal movement after 24 weeks

• Signs of preterm labour

Don't hesitate to seek help if you experience any of these symptoms. Request an appointment with Thomson Medical to ensure your health and your baby's wellbeing are properly monitored.

FAQ

When will I start to feel my baby move?

Most first-time mums feel those magical first flutters, called quickening, between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy. If this isn't your first baby, you might notice movements a bit earlier, around 16 weeks, as you'll recognise the sensation more readily. Don't worry if it takes a little longer, because every pregnancy is different, and your baby's position can affect when you first feel movement.

When exactly does the second trimester begin?

The second trimester officially starts at 13 weeks and continues until 28 weeks of pregnancy. This spans roughly months 4, 5, and 6 of your pregnancy journey – often considered the most comfortable and enjoyable phase.

What should I avoid during my second trimester?

Continue avoiding the same things as in your first trimester: alcohol, smoking, and recreational drugs. You'll also want to steer clear of raw or undercooked meat and seafood, unpasteurised dairy products, and excessive caffeine. Avoid heavy lifting, hot tubs, saunas, and any activities with a high risk of falling. When in doubt, check with your healthcare provider.

Is there a sleeping position I should avoid?

Try not to lie flat on your back for extended periods, especially after 20 weeks, as this can compress major blood vessels and reduce blood flow to your baby. Side sleeping, particularly on your left side, is ideal, as it optimises blood flow. Use pregnancy pillows to help you stay comfortable in this position.

How can I tell if my baby is doing well?

Regular prenatal appointments are your best reassurance. Your healthcare provider will monitor your baby's heartbeat, measure your fundal height to track growth, and note your baby's movements after 20 weeks. Active baby movements, normal growth measurements, and a steady heartbeat at your appointments are all positive signs that your little one is thriving.

What are signs that my baby might be in distress?

Concerning signs include a significant decrease in your baby's usual movement patterns after you've been feeling regular movements or any worrying findings during routine scans or appointments. However, try not to worry unnecessarily, as babies have sleep cycles and quieter days too. If you're concerned about reduced movements, contact your healthcare provider for peace of mind.

How can I reduce the risk of pregnancy complications in my second trimester?

While not all complications can be prevented, you can support a healthy pregnancy by attending all scheduled prenatal appointments, taking your recommended supplements, eating a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and following your healthcare provider's advice. If you have any chronic health conditions, work closely with your medical team to manage them properly. Most importantly, don't hesitate to contact your healthcare provider if you have any concerns.

The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice based on your unique situations, please consult a specialist at Thomson Medical. Request an appointment with Thomson Medical today.