Cervical Cancer Rates After LEEP Treatment: Recovery and Recurrence Risk

Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) is a procedure for removing precancerous cells or ‘abnormal cells’ from the cervix as a method to prevent cervical cancer. A LEEP will involve the insertion of a thin loop of heated wire to remove the abnormal cells from the cervix. While the procedure significantly reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer, it's important to understand the chances of cervical cancer occurrence after LEEP.

When should I get LEEP?

Your doctor may suggest for you get LEEP if your Pap smear results reveal the presence of abnormal cells or if there were any signs of cervical or vaginal problems found during a pelvic exam.

How effective is LEEP?

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can be effectively treated with LEEP, which also stops the disease from developing into cervical cancer. The typical cure rate for CIN with LEEP ranges from 73% to 99%, making LEEP effective at removing of abnormal cells and decreasing the risk of developing cervical cancer.

Recurrence rates

Despite the high success rates, you might still experience a recurrence of precancerous lesions or develop cervical cancer after the procedure. However, the majority of patients do not experience a return of precancerous cells or develop cervical cancer after LEEP.

Risk factors for recurrence

Several factors may increase the risk of CIN recurrence or cervical cancer development after LEEP:

• Positive margins:

  • If abnormal cells are present at the edges of the removed tissue, it may indicate the possibility of an incomplete removal of precancerous cells.

• HPV infection:

  • Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant risk factor for recurrence.

• Age:

  • Patients over 40 years old may have a higher risk of recurrence.

• Immune system status:

  • Having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or a weakened immune system can increase the risk of recurrence.

• Comorbidities:

  • Other preexisting health conditions may affect the risk of recurrence.

If you match any of the above factors, it might be a good idea to seek out medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a specialist at Thomson Medical. Book an appointment with Thomson Medical today.

What should I do after a LEEP?

After a LEEP, a person may have to take certain steps and precautions while they recover.

• Avoid vaginal intercourse and inserting anything into the vagina, such as tampons or douches, for a minimum of 4 weeks after the procedure.

• Avoid strenuous exercise for at least 1 week after the procedure.

• Avoid swimming until your doctor advises that it is safe.

• Take over-the-counter (OTC) pain relief medication if necessary.

• Use period pads, as you may experience bleeding similar to menstrual bleeding.

Remember to contact your doctor if you experience side effects such as:

• Pain that does not go away after taking OTC painkillers.

• Heavy vaginal bleeding.

• Experience signs of infection, such as abnormal discharge, fever, and increasing pain.

Follow-up and Monitoring

It is important to note that while LEEP is highly effective in preventing cervical cancer, there is still a small chance of recurrence or cancer development post-procedure. The overall risk is low, as recurrence rates range from 5% to 6% within the first few years post-treatment. 

Regular follow-up care and awareness of risk factors that may increase your chance of recurrence is crucial after a LEEP procedure. Remember to adhere to your doctor's recommendations for follow-up exams and testing. 

These follow-up tests may include:

• Repeat Pap tests

• HPV testing

• Colposcopy

• Endocervical curettage

Consistent monitoring can help detect signs of any recurrence early, allowing for immediate intervention if necessary. By staying vigilant and working closely with healthcare providers, the vast majority of patients can expect excellent long-term outcomes following LEEP.

The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a specialist at Thomson Medical. Book an appointment with Thomson Medical today.

FAQ:

Is it possible to still have precancerous/abnormal cells after a LEEP?

It is possible that precancerous/abnormal cells will be present after a LEEP, although the risk is low. A doctor can repeat the procedure to remove the remaining cells.

Does LEEP prevent cervical cancer?

A LEEP is a highly effective preventive method for cervical cancer. The procedure can remove abnormal cells before they progress to cancer.

How likely is HPV to return after LEEP?

A LEEP procedure cannot cure HPV, although it can effectively eradicate the precancerous cell growth that the virus can cause. Various factors can influence the likelihood of HPV recurrence, such as a person’s age, overall health, and sexual history.

Do I really need a LEEP procedure?

LEEP may be done when cervical or vaginal problems are found during a pelvic exam, or it may be done if abnormal cells are found during a Pap test. LEEP is also done to find cancer of the cervix or vagina.

Can a LEEP procedure remove cervical cancer?

No. But a LEEP can get rid of the abnormal cells that form due to an HPV infection so that they never become cervical cancer. Depending on your situation, your provider may recommend more frequent Pap smears or HPV tests to ensure no new abnormal cell changes become cervical cancer.

The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a specialist at Thomson Medical. Book an appointment with Thomson Medical today.