Abdominal MRI: What is it for, What does it do & Why do I need one?

What is an abdominal MRI?

An abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan focuses on the organs and tissues within the belly area, including the kidneys, liver, pancreas, blood vessels, and surrounding soft tissues. Thus, it creates cross-sectional images of your internal body structures and allows doctors to check for abnormalities in the tissues and organs without making any incisions and without bones obstructing the view.

What is an abdominal MRI used for?

An abdominal MRI scan can be used to:

1. Examine and detect abnormalities in your blood flow and blood vessels

2. Investigate the cause of pain or swelling

3. Examine lymph nodes

4. Evaluate organs such as the liver, kidneys, biliary tract, spleen, bowel, pancreas and adrenal glands

5. Detect tumours or abnormal growths

6. Detect liver diseases such as cirrhosis or fatty liver disease

7. Detect inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Overall, these scans provide detailed information about soft tissues that cannot be seen clearly with other imaging methods.

Is a CT scan or MRI scan better for the kidneys, liver, and pancreas?

MRI scans are preferred for detailed imaging of soft tissues like the liver and pancreas, while CT scans may be better suited for emergencies requiring faster results.

CT Scan vs MRI Scan

Why would I need an abdominal MRI?

Your doctor may also recommend an abdominal MRI if you suspect a potential issue within your abdominal area during your physical exam or if you have experienced symptoms such as:

1. Unexplained abdominal pain

2. Jaundice (yellowing of the skin)

3. Blood in your urine

4. Diagnosing and monitoring various conditions affecting the kidney, liver, and pancreas, such as tumours or chronic diseases affecting these organs

5. Previous abnormal results from an earlier test, such as an X-ray, CT scan, or blood work indicating liver or kidney issues

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, don’t hesitate to request an appointment with Thomson Medical. Our specialist will help you to answer any questions you have and provide you with tailored recommendations.

How can I prepare for the MRI?

Preparation for an abdominal MRI includes:

• Fasting for at least 6 hours before the scan.

• Wear loose, comfortable clothing that does not have metal fragments on them, such as bras with metal enclosures or jeans with metal zippers.

• Inform your doctor if you have any type of metal implants from previous surgeries, such as artificial heart valves, clips, pins, or screws.

• Remove all metal accessories and electronic devices from your possession, including jewellery, watches, removable dental work like dentures, mobile phones, and hearing aids. 

• If you are claustrophobic, inform your doctor beforehand, as they may issue you a sedative before the MRI scan.

• Inform your doctor if you are taking any medications, should you need to pause them before your scan.

• Inform your doctors if you have any allergies to contrast materials, drugs, or food, as some MRI exams require an injection of contrast material. MRI exams commonly use a contrast material called gadolinium.

• Inform your doctors if you have any serious health problems or recent surgeries, such as severe kidney disease, as it hinders your ability to receive gadolinium.

• Remember to also inform your doctor if you are pregnant, as it is not recommended for pregnant women to get an MRI during the first trimester unless the benefits outweigh the risks involved with exposing a baby to a strong magnetic field.

You may also need to be evaluated for safety if you have metal implants such as:

1. Some cochlear (ear) implants

2. Some types of clips used for brain aneurysms

3. Some types of metal coils placed within blood vessels

4. Some older cardiac defibrillators and pacemakers

5. Vagal nerve stimulators

These devices may interfere with the exam or pose a risk of interfering with the magnetic field of the MRI unit and cause burns or become harmful projectiles.

What happens during an abdominal MRI?

During the procedure:

1. You will lie on a motorised table that slides into the cylindrical MRI scanner. The MRI technologist may use straps and bolsters to help you maintain your position.

2. The technologist may place devices that contain coils capable of sending and receiving radio waves around or next to the area of the body under examination.

3. A radiologist may use contrast dye injected into your vein through an intravenous catheter (IV line) to enhance image clarity of certain organs, like the liver or kidneys.

4. You will be placed into the magnet of the MRI unit. It is normal for the area of your body being imaged to feel warm. The technologist will perform the exam while working at a computer outside of the room. You will be able to talk to the technologist via an intercom. Please inform them if you feel unbearable discomfort at any time.

5. The machine will make loud tapping noises while capturing images; earplugs or headphones are often provided for comfort.

6. When the exam is complete, the technologist may ask you to wait while the radiologist reviews the images in case more are needed.

7. The technologist will remove your IV line after the exam is over and place a small dressing over the insertion site.

8. The scan typically lasts 20–60 minutes, and the procedure can be performed on both outpatients and inpatients.

If you do not require sedation, there is no recovery period necessary after your MRI scan. You may resume your usual activities and normal diet immediately after the exam.

On very rare occasions, a few patients experience side effects from the contrast material. These may include nausea, headache, and pain at the site of injection. It is very rare that patients experience hives, itchy eyes, or other allergic reactions to the contrast material. If you experience any allergic symptoms, tell the MRI technologist. A radiologist or another doctor will be available for immediate assistance.

Are there any risks associated with an abdominal MRI scan?

While abdominal MRI scans are generally safe and non-invasive, there are some risks to consider. Here’s a breakdown of potential concerns:

1. Metal implants or devices

• Risk: 

  • The MRI’s strong magnets can attract metal objects, causing them to move or heat up. This may damage implants or injure tissues.

• Examples: 

  • Pacemakers, cochlear implants, surgical clips, or metal fragments. Always inform your doctor about any implants before the scan.

2. Contrast dye complications

• Allergic reactions: 

  • Rarely, the gadolinium-based contrast dye may cause mild symptoms (rash, nausea) or severe reactions (breathing difficulties, anaphylaxis).

• Kidney issues: 

  • Patients with severe kidney disease risk nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (a rare condition causing skin thickening and organ damage) from gadolinium.

3. Claustrophobia or anxiety

• The enclosed MRI machine may trigger distress in patients with claustrophobia. Open MRI machines or sedation can help in such cases.

4. Physical discomfort

• Noise: 

  • Loud knocking sounds during the scan may require ear protection.

• Lying still: 

  • Remaining motionless for 30–60 minutes can be challenging for some patients.

5. Pregnancy considerations

• First trimester: 

  • MRI scans are usually avoided unless critical, as the procedure may raise body temperature.

• Contrast dye: 

  • Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary.

6. Rare risks

• Burns: 

  • Metallic objects (e.g., jewellery, tattoos with metal-based ink) may heat up, causing minor burns.

• Projectile injuries: 

  • Unsecured metal objects near the machine can become dangerous projectiles.

What happens after the procedure?

A radiologist will analyse the images and send a signed report to your doctor, who will share the results and discuss them in depth with you. 

If a follow-up exam is necessary, your doctor will explain the reasons why. Sometimes, a follow-up exam is done to further evaluate a potential abnormality with additional tests such as X-rays, ultrasounds or blood tests.

A follow-up exam may also be done to monitor any changes in a known abnormality, such as a tumour, over time. It can also be used to see if treatment is working or if a previous finding has changed.

What is the cost of an abdominal MRI in Singapore?

The cost of an abdominal MRI in Singapore typically ranges from S$1,000 to S$2,500 per scan but can vary based on the healthcare facility, scan complexity, and whether contrast material is used. 

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

• Cost range:

  • Expect to pay between S$1,000 and S$2,500 for a standard abdominal MRI. 

  • Some clinics may have prices starting from S$700-800. 

  • More complex scans or those requiring contrast might cost more. 

• Factors affecting cost:

  • Healthcare facility: Prices can vary between public and private hospitals/clinics. 

  • Scan complexity: More detailed or specialised scans will likely cost more. 

  • Contrast material: Using contrast dye during the scan can increase the cost. 

• MediSave:

  • Patients can offset their remaining bill by using their MediSave for up to S$300 per year for MRI scans. 

  • Seniors aged 60 and above can withdraw an additional S$300 per year from MediSave for MRI scans under the Flexi-MediSave scheme. 

If you are under your own private insurance, such as Singlife, AIA (Goldmax), Great Eastern, or Prudential, you can check if they have further coverages available for you.

Alternatively, you can contact Thomson Medical to find the most current fee structures and  find more information on potential financial assistance services available for you.

FAQ

What are the benefits and risks of receiving an abdominal MRI?

Benefits: Non-invasive, no radiation exposure, will depict soft tissue in great detail.

Risks: Not suitable for patients with certain metal implants; can be uncomfortable due to noise or confined space.

What will an MRI of the abdomen show?

It shows detailed images of abdominal organs (kidneys, liver, pancreas), blood vessels, soft tissues, tumours, inflammation, or structural abnormalities.

How long does an MRI of the abdomen take?

Typically 20–60 minutes depending on image requirements.

What is the largest drawback to MRI of the abdomen?

The cost is higher than other imaging methods like CT scans, and it may not be suitable for patients with metal implants or severe claustrophobia. It also has a longer waiting time for results compared to CT scans.

Is an empty stomach needed for an MRI?

Yes, fasting for 4–6 hours before an abdominal MRI is often required to ensure clear imaging results.

Can an abdominal MRI detect tumours?

Yes, it can detect tumours in organs like the kidney, liver, and pancreas with high accuracy due to its soft tissue imaging capabilities.

The information provided is intended for general guidance only and should not be considered medical advice. For personalised recommendations and tailored advice, please consult a specialist at Thomson Medical. Request an appointment with Thomson Medical today.